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CM literatura > Mansfield Park > Flashcards

Mansfield Park Flashcards

1
Q

Mansfield Park was finished after…

A

after Sense and Sensibility and Pride and

Prejudice are published

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2
Q

Mansfield Park marks…

A

marks a new development in her writing career

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3
Q

Unlike Pride and Prejudice, Mansfield Park…

A

was not reviewed

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4
Q

According to Claudia Johnson (1998), Mansfield Park is…

A

‘an ambitious and difficult novel’ and her ‘most controversial’

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5
Q

Austen was consciously trying to write a…

A

‘serious’ novel – she thought Pride and Prejudice was ‘rather too light & bright & sparkling’

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6
Q

Symbolic content is high: …

A 
episodes, objects, scenes – many acquire a symbolic
function which transcends their role in the narrative
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7
Q

Its ideological programme

A

– obscure, problematic difficult to pin down

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8
Q

Happy ending restores peace?

A
  • No redemption for Maria Bertram
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9
Q

Very disturbing images of family life:

A

Bertrams, Prices, Crawfords, Grants

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10
Q

Mansfield Park is a bleak study of…

A

patriarchal power in which the family is nearly destroyed by death and social disgrace

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11
Q

Mansfield Park portrays the fates and moral mistakes of…

A

the younger generation

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12
Q

But a good deal of the blame rests with the older generation: …

A

a stern father, a useless, passive, indolent mother and an self-interested aunt who spoils her nieces and promotes their vanity and pride

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13
Q

The novel explores a love affair between…

A

Fanny Price and Mansfield Park, the house and its grounds, its library & life-style

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14
Q

Happy ending:

A

not just heroine gets the hero

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15
Q

Conduct vs manners:

A

the result of combining reason and feelings

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16
Q

It is one of the first…

A

‘country-house novels’ – as such can be connected to the English country house poem

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17
Q

Fanny as Sir Thomas Bertram’s true daughter –

A

guarantees country house values will endure

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18
Q

Mansfield Park is the first of Austen’s…

A

‘Regency’ novels: novels began in the period known as the Regency

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19
Q

Roger Sales, Jane Austen and the Representations of the Regency Crisis: (5)

A
  • They address instead topical, contemporary issues, concerns of the 1810s
  • These novels depict the society and situation of the country in the first two
    decades of the 19th century
  • not post-French Revolution England in the 1790s
  • it is the time of Napoleon, England is at war with France
  • growth of the British Navy – Fanny’s brother, William, ‘in the service of the
    King’
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20
Q

Mansfield Park as a ‘Condition of England’ novel:

A
  • As a ‘Condition of England’ novel, Mansfield Park the ‘estate’ = an allegory of the ‘state’, of the nation
  • A notion developed by Edmund Burke in Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) – the nation (state) is just a huge ‘landed estate’ which needs to be managed, protected, improved and passed intact to the next generation
  • Current ‘owners’ of the state (monarchs, politicians) or the estate (landed gentry) are merely temporary custodians
  • This connection of the state and the estate – subscribed by both conservative and radicals in the Regency period
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21
Q

Mansfield Park and Antigua

A

Mansfield Park – country estate in England – makes the life-style of the gentry possible

Antigua – Sugar plantation in the Caribbean – worked by African slaves
Edward Said – first to interrogate the ‘Antigua connection’ from a post-colonial angle

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22
Q

Concentration of wealth:

A

Sir Thomas has a estate, plus two livings to give, plus a plantation in the West Indies

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23
Q

Importance of the male heir (preventing subdivision):

A

consequences for women and second brothers

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24
Q

Trade between metropolis and colony is…

A

an internal, not external trade (as between different countries)

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25
Q

Colonial politics:

A

based on ideological discourse, presented for the benefit of the colonised

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26
Q

Henry Crawford –

A

the absentee lord, refuses to settle with his sister in his estate, Everingham

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27
Q

The theme of…

A

domestic improvements and domestic economy runs through the novel

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28
Q

Sir Thomas addresses financial difficulties…

A

at home by lending Edmund’s living (to pay off Tom’s debts)

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29
Q

Sugar plantation were handled with…

A

African American labour – i. e. slaves transported from Africa to America

30
Q

Slavery abolished in England but …

A

slave trade in the British Empire was legal until 1807

31
Q

Trade Triangle: (3)

A
  • Ships with manufactured good sailed from England to the coast of Africa
  • In African they sold goods and filled the ships with ‘black cargo’
  • Once in America, they sold the African slaves and filled the ships with sugar and tobacco
32
Q

Slave Abolition Act:

A

Slavery in the colonies finally banned in 1833

33
Q

The Regency DATE

A

(1811-1820)

34
Q

The Regency: (4)

A
  • the period in which Prince George, the future George IV, becomes the Head of State
  • not as king but as Regent
  • His father George III, was prone to temporary attacks of madness
  • 1820 - King George III dies, the Prince Regent becomes George IV
35
Q

The Regency Act was originally meant to be a…

A

provisional measure, hoping that King George III would recover, but he never did – so the Prince Regent was effectively the English monarch from 1811

36
Q

The life-style of the Regent somehow extended to Regency London:

A
  • a society bent on enjoyment, eager to have fun
  • fashion-oriented in manners, dress and modes of address
  • display of wealth, fond of luxuries
  • leisure activities, sports, shooting
  • parties, social gatherings, gambling
  • not concerned about moral issues – free from constrains
  • political and social crisis
  • the Crawfords are an instance of this – his uncle the Admiral takes his mistress into his household after his wife’s death – they have been raised in Regency manners
37
Q

Mansfield Park as synecdoche of…

A

Regency England

38
Q

Mansfield Park as synecdoche of Regency England: (4)

A
  • The absence of the father
  • Illness
  • Theatre
  • The dandy
39
Q

Theatre (Regency England)

A
  • The passion for theatre (the prince’s affairs with actresses) – fashion in amateur theatricals – Inchbald’s Lovers’ Vows (1798) at Mansfield Park (to emulate an aristocratic household)
  • A dissembling society in which one is expected to be a born actor: to study ones lines, to perform in front of others (except Fanny)
  • Flirting disguised as performance
40
Q

The dandy (Regency England)

A
  • Beau Brummell and Henry Crawford: dress, modes of address
  • extravagant and deviser of schemes for spending money, improvers of others’ properties
  • double countenance, deceivers, not to be trusted
41
Q

Mansfield Park, the estate, has to face two threats from

outside:

A
  • the problems in the Antigua plantation and the abolition of the slave trade
  • the Crawfords
42
Q

Mary is…

A

beautiful and confident, full of vitality, her

conversation is witty and entertaining

43
Q

Henry is…

A

a dandy and a gentleman, knows about fashion in gardening and improvements, wellspoken, with good manners and polite address, reads and acts very well

44
Q

The arrival of the Crawfords is welcome by…

A

everyone in Mansfield Park: increase in social activity

45
Q

Crawfords vs …

A

vs Bertrams: Clash between town and country

46
Q

Henry Crawford –

A

double countenance, flirts with both Julia and Maria, proposes to Fanny brings on family crisis by eloping
with Maria

47
Q

Mary Crawford –

A

bringing the harp in harvest time, selfish and frivolous, calculating, tries to dissuade Edmund from ordination, speaks ill of her uncle

48
Q

The Crawfords: …

A

personification of the threat that London society poses to gentry values

49
Q

The Bertrams: …

A

surprised & seduced by the cosmopolitan airs of the Crawfords

50
Q

The harp: …

A

brought by Henry in his barouche

51
Q

Mansfield Park, despite its experimental nature and its concern with contemporary debates, shares much with…

A

Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice

52
Q

Mansfield Park, despite its experimental nature and its concern with contemporary debates, shares much with Sense and Sensibility and Pride and Prejudice:

A
  • exploration of gentry values
  • interaction between individual and society
  • women’s education, futile accomplishments
  • elopement and its aftermath
  • improvements to the estate
53
Q

In Vol. I, Ch. 6, Mr Rushworth raises the topic of…

A

‘improvements’ in the drawing-room at Mansfield Park

54
Q
  • Rushworth has just returned from visiting his friend Smith at Compton – grounds improved by Repton
  • Sotherton Court is compared to a prison Elizabethan, brick building – in need of a modern dress
  • Rushworth confesses his ignorance – doesn’t know what to do with it
A
  • Maria Bertram suggests hiring Humphry Repton
  • Edmund disagrees: better to be one’s own ‘improver’, better to live with one’s mistakes than those of others
  • Symbolic contrast between Rushworth and Edmund: the active landowner versus the passive one
55
Q

Debate on Improvements – …

A

an opportunity for delineating character

56
Q

The debate on improvements divides characters between improvers and nonimprovers: (6)

A
  • Rushworth thinks Repton will be inclined to cut down the avenue of trees that leads to the top of a hill
  • Fanny’s Romantic mind finds this is a disaster: she quotes a line from Cowper’s ‘The Sofa’ (Book I of The Task) about ‘fallen avenues’ which didn’t deserve their fate’ (to be cut down)
  • Mary Crawford: uninterested in improvements, finds them a nuisance, criticises her uncle the Admiral for improving his cottage in Twickenham, dirt and confusion for three months
  • Henry Crawford as improver: did very little to his own estate Everingham, but plans to have others’ improved (Thornton Lacey and Sotherton)
  • Mrs Norris: boast of her intended improvements, jealous of Dr Grant’s improvements
  • The apricot tree (Vol. 1, ch. 6)– helps to establish the characters of Mrs Norris, Dr Grant and Mrs Grant
57
Q

Sotherton

A
  • Scheme for the excursion to Sotherton Court
  • First – to get Mr. Crawford’s opinion about improvements
  • Turns into outing for everybody – Fanny left out at first
  • The barouche vs the family carriage – propriety, decorum
  • Symbolism: barouche = sports car, Henry as dandy
  • Regency fashion: leisure, display
58
Q

The drive to Sotherton, like the conversation on improvements:
Functional purpose: characterization (4)

A
  • Henry’s frivolous, flirting nature
  • Julia and Maria’s competition for his attention
  • The struggle to get the box seat next to Henry - Julia wins
  • Maria’s jealousy – her reaction is to boast of Mr Rushworth’s estate
59
Q

The drive to Sotherton (5)

A
  • Maria’s showing off as future Mrs Rushworth as they drive
  • Her description reveals her attitude to her social inferiors
  • She describes the village, the cottages, the church spire (‘reckoned remarkably handsome’) but not too close to the Great House, the parsonage (‘a tidy looking house’), the clergyman and his wife (‘very decent people’), the alms-houses (‘built by some of the family’), the steward’s house (‘a respectable man’)
  • Once the come to the lodge gates, she boasts: nearly a mile to the house through the park
  • Park is not ugly, has fine timber, but the situation of the house is bad, as it needs a ‘better approach’
60
Q

Fanny and Mary Crawford – …

A

both keep an eye on Edmund who follows on horseback

61
Q

estates are an index to: …

A

character of their owners and their social responsibility

62
Q

Sotherton Court – …

A

the home of Mr Rushworth – unlike Mansfield Park is an ancient manorial house, not modern and new
- The most important estate in the area, long
established family
- Feudal rights of ‘Court-Leet’ and ‘Court-Baron’
- Represents tradition and permanence
- Full of walls, iron palisades, locked gates

63
Q

Mr Rushworth - a portrait of the…

A

useless landlord.
• It is his mother who shows the house, after getting her information from the housekeeper
• he doesn’t have opinions on how to improve the grounds
• he doesn’t have the key to the gate in the iron fence

64
Q

The visit to Sotherton (Vol. I Ch. 9 & 10)– several symbolic moments (5)

A
  • The chapel – in disuse - reactions of Fanny and Mary Crawford
  • Fanny: literary imagination, fond of feudal/medieval customs, idealised notion of family, old gentry values
  • Mary: fails to take prayer and religion seriously, makes fun of old gentry customs
  • Mary shocked to find out Edmund intends to take orders
  • Maria and Rushworth before the altar – Henry Crawford’s flirting remarks and Julia’s jealousy
65
Q

The visit to Sotherton (Vol. I Ch. 9 & 10)– several symbolic moments (3)

A
  • The locked gate and the ha-ha: Edmund and Mary, Mr Rushworth, Henry and Maria, Julia – theatrical quality of scene
  • Fanny as focaliser: sitting on the bench, a privileged standpoint – symbol of her isolation, even Edmund forgets about her
  • Maria’s quotation of Sterne’s A Sentimental Journey (‘I can’t get out’– comparison with the starling in a cage)
66
Q

Maria’s Predicament: …

A

Lawrence Sterne’s A Sentimental Journey as intertext

67
Q

Maria feels trapped: (3)

A
  • engaged to Rushworth and attracted by (in love with?sexual passion?) Henry Crawford
  • divided between wealth, social ‘consequence’ (Rushworth) and London sophistication, the allure of wit and intelligence (Henry)
  • Sterne’s book associated with liberals and Whigs, rather than with Tories and conservatives
68
Q

The Sotherton episode announces later events in the novel:

A
  • Maria’s giving in to temptation, going round ‘the iron gate’ (restrain)
  • Abandoning her husband, eloping with Henry Crawford
  • Edmund’s attentions to Mary Crawford
  • Fanny’s loneliness – literal and figuratively, even when she rejects Crawford
69
Q

Lovers’ Vows

A
  • Amateur Theatricals at Mansfield Park – introduced by Tom Bertram and Mr Yates
  • Emulation of aristocratic household at Ecclesford
  • Edmund and Fanny’s reservations about acting
70
Q

Rushworth’s silliness is rewarded with …

A

a silly character Count Cassel, the husband Amelia’s father has found for her. His losing Amelia to Anhalt prefigures his losing of his wife Maria to Henry Crawford

71
Q

Yates is cast as baron Wildenhaim, …

A

who has had an out of wedlock relation with Agatha - somehow announces his elopement with Julia

72
Q

Several characters can flirt under cover of rehearsing for performance:

A

Henry as Frederick and Maria as his mother Agatha have to rehearse their lines together and touch and
embrace; the same applies to Amelia (Mary Crawford) and Anhalt the priest (Edmund), a couple of young lovers

CM literatura (4 decks)

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