Manufacturing Quiz Review Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
There are two primary types of fiber
A
natural and manufactured
2
Q
What do fibers have that affect the feel, texture and performance?
A
Characteristics
3
Q
What do natural fibers tend to have?
A
Varied dimensional stability and uneven texture
4
Q
What do manufactured fibers tend to have?
A
Good dimensional stability and even texture
5
Q
What are protein fibers sourced from?
A
Animal sources such as wool and silk
6
Q
What are cellulosic fibers sourced from?
A
Plant sources such as cotton and linen
7
Q
What are most natural fibers?
A
Staples
8
Q
What is a rare example of a natural fiber that is a filament?
A
Silk
9
Q
What kind of fibers are short and measured in inches or centimeters?
A
Staple fibers
10
Q
What is done with natural fibers when one wants to clean and disentangle them?
A
Carding
11
Q
What are the steps of getting the fibers reading to be spun?
A
- Carding
- Combing to remove the shorter fibers, resulting in a smoother more even yarn when spun
12
Q
What are done to animal-based (except silk) fibers?
A
Woolen or worsted
13
Q
What does woolen refer to?
A
Carded Wool
14
Q
What is carded wool used for?
A
Sweaters and course fabrics
15
Q
What is worsted referred to?
A
Combed wool
16
Q
What is worsted wool used for?
A
Finer fabrics used for suiting and sheets
17
Q
What are synthetic fabrics made of?
A
petroleum products (nylon, acrylic, polyester)
18
Q
What are manufactured cellulosic fibers made of?
A
Plant fibers (rayon, acetate)
19
Q
What are manufactured fibers produced as and what can happen with these fibers?
A
Produced as filaments, can be as long as desired
20
Q
What are filaments measured in?
A
Yards or meters
21
Q
What are the two forms filaments can be manufactured in?
A
Smooth (even, lustrous, strong) and Bulked (crimped or textured to have effects of cotton and wool)
22
Q
Filament fibers can be cut into staples spun into yarn to more closely resemble what type of yarn?
A
Nature fiber yarn
23
Q
Where are fibers measured at?
A
The cross section
24
Q
What are staple (natural fibers) measured in?
A
Micrometers (known as macrons)
25
What are manufactured fibers measured in?
Denier, which is the weight of 9000 meters of the fabric or yarn
26
What do typical apparel fibers range up to in the number of denier?
7 denier
27
What is the number of denier that microfibers have?
Less than 1
28
What type of fiber is a continuous strand that is suitable for weaving or knitting?
Yarn
29
What are the two types of yarn?
-Mono-filament - uncut manufactured fibers (underwear, sheer hosiery, fine knit athletic apparel)
-Spun - either natural, cut filaments or uncut filaments
30
What is the difference between staple fiber yarn and bulk continuous yarn?
-Natural fibers will have loose staples after spinning
-Manufactured fibers will have a smooth texture
31
How are plied yarns created?
Twisting together more than one yarn (2-ply, 3-ply or 4-ply)
32
What is thicker and stronger than single-ply yarns?
Plied yarns
33
What do core-spun yarns consist of?
A corn yarn covered by a softer, more comfortable or more decorative fiber
34
What are core-spun yarns mostly based with?
Spandex
35
What is yarn size or diameter determined by?
How many yarns can be placed in a square inch of cloth, which is also sometimes referred to as thread count
36
What does larger or coarser yarn tend to be?
Stronger and more durable with a rougher texture and stiffer hand
37
Which type of yarn tends to be more delicate with a smoother texture and handfeel?
Small/fine yarn
38
What is different about the yarn numbering system?
Different depending on the fiber content
39
What is the indirect system with the yarn?
The larger the number, the finer (smaller) the yarn
40
What is fabric from?
Knit or woven yarn
41
What are the physical features of yarn determined by?
Fiber content, structure of the yarn, structure of fabric, how it is dyed, printed or finished
42
What is fabric textile material from?
Which garments are produced
43
What does it make up of the single most greatest contribution?
Cost and quality of a garment
44
What kind of properties do the fabric influence
Aesthetics, durability, comfort. Safety, cost
45
What type of fabric is produced on a loom where warp yarns are interlaced with weft yarn at right angles
Woven Fabric
46
What achievements does woven fabric have?
Strongest and most stable structure with the least amount of stretch
47
What are all weaves a variation of?
Plain weave, twill weave, or satin weave
48
How is knit fabric made?
Created using needles with a series of connected loops and has inherent stretch
49
What can knit fabric be?
Single or double-knit
50
What is the difference between single or double-knit fabric?
-Single knits have one layer of loops
-Double knits have 2 inseparable layers of loops
51
What does the gauge of a knitted fabric or item refers to?
The size of needles used in construction
52
Yarn size is an indirect system, how does that determine the knit?
The smaller gauge number, the chunkier the knit
53
What needs to be compatible?
Yarn size and gauge selection
54
What needs to be specified before production?
Yarn size and gauge selection
55
What determines the fabric weight?
Yarn size + gauge/construction
56
How is fabric weight measured?
By using a cutter and a scale
57
How is fabric weight typically measured regarding size?
Grams per square meter
58
What is it called when a garment is made from fabric?
“cut & sewn”
59
What is Knit to Shape?
When certain product moves directly from yarn to shaped components
60
What is are examples where each panel is knit independently and then “looped” or “linked” at the seams
Sweaters, seamlessly knit underwear and activewear
61
What is there much less material during the quality control benefits process?
Wasteage
62
What point in the process has a specific effect on the outlook of the finished product?
The dyeing process
63
What is fiber dyed?
This is where the fibers are dyed prior to spinning. If mixed colors are used, the effect can be a subtle multi-color effect in the fabric. Finished yarn is referred to as “top-spun”
64
What is spaced dyed?
A specific technique to generate a unique effect that can be random and unpredictable
65
What is yarn dyed?
The yarn is dyed after spinning. This allows for various multi-color patterns to be accomplished both on knit and woven product
66
What is fabric dyed?
Finished fabric is dyed in bulk
67
What is garment dyed?
Results in a specific effect that is a soft and weather-worn look
68
What do Commodity Brokers provide?
Provide raw material
69
What do Spinning Mills produce?
Produces yarn
70
What do Dye houses do?
Dye fabric or yarn
71
What do Fabric mills do?
Create greige goods and/or finished fabric (woven and knit)
72
What do Assembly factories do?
Cut and sew or knit to shape product
73
What do Finishing facilities do?
Provide garment dyeing, chemical treatments, surface finishing, special washing services
74
What does In house do?
Pressing, packing, and shipping
75
What are tech packs?
A compilation of technical specifications and construction details created to provide manufacturers sufficient information to estimate costing and initiate protosamples
76
What are tech packs part 2?
Additionally used as an internal tool to monitor and record the progress of the style development and production approvals from initial sample to finished goods
77
What are tech packs formats/layouts specific to?
To a product type/category
78
What can tech packs can be created as?
Excel Files
79
What are robust software programs utilized by companies used for?
They integrate the design, production,logistics and sales processes
80
What are the Key components of the tech pack?
-Spec sheet
-Graded guidlines/graded spec sheet
-Fabric sheet
-Design detail/constructon sheet
-pitch sheet
-label/trim sheet
81
What is not required throughout the industry?
Grading guidelines are not standardized throughout the industry. Each brand or company will have their own requirements
82
What are color standards?
-In the apparel and textile manufacturing industry, a color standard refers to a predefined, measurable and universally accepted specification for a particular color or shade
-they can be represented as a physical swatch, yarn, paper chip or digital color code
83
Why do we need color standards?
-Consistency, communication, quality control and assurance, customer expectations, brand identity, efficiency, production management
84
What are Lab Dips?
Lab dips are submitted by the factor for approval and they are to be compared to the color standard provided and either approved or comments are given for correction
85
What is a spectrophotometer?
A color spectrophotometer is a device used to measure and control color data. Color spectrophotometers are used in a wide range of industries and ensure that color remains consistent from specification through production. Color spectrophotometers measure everything from liquids and plastics to paper and fabrics
