Mao Rub zedong on zedong

Question 1

JiangXi Soviet

Answer 1

The JiangXi province where CCP retreated to upon onslaught from GMD.

Question 2

Mao’s Strategy

Answer 2

• Peasant support base (significantly more peasants than workers)
• Guerilla warfare
• Land reforms in their areas of influence

Views not the same as Soviet Union and Comintern

Question 3

Five Encirclement Campaigns

Answer 3

Destroy the JiangXi Soviet by cutting off their food and supplies

• CCP won first 4 campaigns through guerilla warfare, better understanding of mountainous environment, and peasant support
• 5th campaign won by GMD

Question 4

https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d3d414d7859444e/img/0749d5a5-e95d-4603-a6ac-24b7e844f99c.jpg

Who is this man?

Answer 4

Otto Braun, German communist dispatched to CCP via Comintern.

Also known as Li De.

Bro fr the first foreigner to get a Chinese Name that sounds philosophical.

Question 5

Fifth Encirclement Campaign

Answer 5

Final attack by GMD on CCP which defeated CCP

• A gradual approach, as suggested by German advisor
• Encircled CCP, outnumbering and defeating them
• Li De’s approach of “stand and fight” failed

CCP escaped and broke out on the Long March

Question 6

The Long March

Answer 6

A break through GMD line and escape to Shanxi to set up new base across very dangerous territory

• More than 90% of the initial force died in the March
• Led by capable leaders like Zhou Enlai, Deng Xiao Ping, Lin Biao
• Mao elected leader in Jan 1935

Important change to CCP, costly but effective.

Question 7

Xi’An Incident

Answer 7

Jiang Jie Shi kidnapped by warlord Zhang for plotting against the CCP there.

Released on Comintern’s orders

Birthed the Second United Front

Question 8

Second United Front (1937)

Answer 8

An alliance to deal with the Japanese invasion

• Pushed by the Comintern (Russia afraid of Japanese as well)
• Japan was invading in from Manchuria, made it to the Great Wall
• GMD could not stop them

Question 9

Peasants First Ideology

Answer 9

• Rent reduction laws, landlords had to pay back taxes
• Setting up schools, land reform, village soviets
• Women rights
• “Mass Line” = taking ideas from the people

In all treated peasants with courtesy and respect, winning over their support

Question 10

Weakness of opponents

Answer 10

• Japanese slaughtered millions of peasants, culminating hate for them and support for CCP
• GMD did little against Japanese
• Lost tax revenue in middle-class areas overtaken by Japanese
• Corruption, troops ill-fed and unmotivated, inflation, lack of provincial control, waiting for US to win their war

Question 11

Strengths of CCP

Answer 11

• Leadership of Mao (Innovative Guerrilla tactics, build peasant support base in Ya’an)
• PLA competency (Excellent commander Lin Biao, took enemies weapons after they fled)
• Communist ideas (Land reforms, Fairer taxation systems, control food distribution in towns)
• Intelligence (Communist spies within the GMD)
• Isolation from USSR (Rectification Campaigns, oust USSR supporters from CCP)

In general they had superior strategies.

Question 12

GMD/Jiang Jieshi’s Errors

Answer 12

• Politics (Undemocratic, alienated middle class and liberals)
• Economics (Caused inflation and implemented new currency too late)
• Troop Morale (Low, corruption, no strict discipline)
• “American Factor” (Relied too much on US to win the war, contributed to anti-foreigner propaganda)