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2024-2025 IB HL history > Mao test > Flashcards

Mao test Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

when did mao rule china

A

1949-1976

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2
Q

china before 1911

A
  • emporer was supreme leader, “mandate of heaven”
  • confucian
  • most people peasants, power - landlords, ruling class
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3
Q

why did people not like Qing dynasty before 1911

A

presence of foreign imperialists in china

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4
Q

taiping rebellion (when, what, results)

A

1850-64
- led by Hong Xiuguan, wanted christianity
- Qing victory, supported by B and F
- result: opened up ports, beginning of Shanghai as leading commerce centre

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5
Q

boxer rebellion (when, what, results)

A

1898-1900
anti foreign, anti imperialst, anti christian (“boxers” wanted to get rid of foreigners in china)
result: $330 million fine to other countries for reparations

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6
Q

foreigners in china (1800s)

A
  • china always isolated
  • foreigners started to come in in 1840s, exposing weakness in China’s traditional system
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7
Q

opium wars (when, result)

A

1839-42
China lost both, forced to open up to the west

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8
Q

first sino japanese war (when, result)

A

1894-5
Japan takes Taiwan and Korea from China

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9
Q

Sun Yat Sen

A
  • GMD founder (formed 1905)
  • wanted China to follow Japan
  • nationaisl, democracy, socialism
  • wants to remove Qing system
  • Paved the way for 1911 revolution
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10
Q

fall of Qing dynasty (when, what)

A

1911 - peasants, townspeople, students, revolt in central china
Sun Yatsen appointed pres, could not control imperial gov yet, Yuan Shikai took over instead of him

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11
Q

Yuan Shikai in 1911 revolution (1913-16, one thing each year)

A

brokered a deal with nationalists, became pres
- 1913 - banned GMD because too powerful (won parlimentary election)
- 1914 - shut down parliment, took over
- 1915 - submitted to Japan’s 21 demands
- 1916 - died, leaving China weak, divided

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12
Q

warlord period (when, what)

A

1916-27
no good government after Yuan Shikai died (until 1927)
power in hands of warlords - regional generals
anarchy, peasants were victims

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13
Q

May Fourth Movement (why, when, what, Mao’s part)

A
  • China humiliated after ww1
  • helped Allies during war, expected Shandong to be returned from ToV (but it was given to Japan)
  • student protests in Beijing may 4 1919, followed by nationwide demonstrations
  • paved way for CCP emergence, encouraged by comintern
  • founded by Mao Zedong, student involved in protests
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14
Q

First United Front (when, what, results)

A

GMD and CCP merged 1924
- encouraged by comintern to unite, defeat warlords
- warlords crushed
by 1927, both parties much stronger
- Chiang Kai Shek became leader

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15
Q

northern expedition (when, what)

A

100 000 GMD men left Guangzhou to go to Yangtze river battling warlord forces in 1926 to reunify China (end of united front)

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16
Q

white terror and Nanjing decade (when, what)

A

1927 - united front collapsed, Chiang Kai Shek purged CCP
1928-37 - China torn by civil war

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17
Q

Jiangxi Soviet

A

1927-34
CCP established base at Jiangxi Soviet territory, began to develope guerilla force against GMD, Mao wanted to start peasant revolution

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18
Q

long march

A

1934-5
- GMD weakened by Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1931
- attacked Jianxi Soviet, forced CCP to withdraw, 100 000 troops fled to Yanan
only 20 000 troops survived

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19
Q

after long march

A
  • surviving CCP guys settled in Yanan
    Mao took over CCP
    overcame:
  • potential leadership bids
  • need to rebuild CCP
  • ideological struggle
  • propoganda: 6 principlas of red army (basically be nice)
  • HUGE rise in CCP membership to 1.2 million
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20
Q

Japanese occupation, when and what

Study These Flashcards
A

1931-45
- Japan takes manchuria 1931
- Chiang slow to respond because of focus on communists
- CCP forged 2nd United Front 1937 against Japan

21
Q

before Mao’s authoritarian regime emerged - economic conditions

Study These Flashcards
A
  • 80% of pop. poor in early 1900s
  • weakened - opium and 1st sino japanese wars, civil war
  • unequal treaties with other nations
  • hyperinflation, economy devastated by 1950s
22
Q

before Mao’s authoritarian regime emerged - social conditions

Study These Flashcards
A
  • inequality
  • workers in poverty
  • warlord era highlights this
  • wealth in urban areas
  • Chiang bad, CCP seen as alternative
23
Q

before Mao’s authoritarian regime emerged - political conditions

Study These Flashcards
A

Yuan Shikai, Warlords, GMD all bad
losing wars weakened China

24
Q

how did CCP appeal to peasants

Study These Flashcards
A
  • land reform
  • literacy campaigns
  • medical programmes
  • good conduct by Red Army
  • coercion for those who did not cooperate
25
reunification campaigns (1950s)
- PLA armies dispatched to repress independent movement (sent to Tibet, where most people Buddhists, Xinjiang, most Muslim, and Guandong, most GMD)
26
anti landlord campaign
landord property confiscated, redistributed, most landlords put on trial, 1 million killed in early 1950s
27
targets during early consolidation of power (early 1950s)
landlords, religious groups, members of organized crime
28
prison camps
Laogai - turned into slave labour camps during GLF, brutal conditions, millions detained
29
Hundred Flowers campaign
1957 - "Let a hundred flowers bloom; let a hundred schools of thought contend" Mao said he allowed denunciation of party officials including Mao, who then killed "rightist" critics, strengthening his position
30
cencorship+propoganda 1949-76
most newspapers out of business, communist ralies, songs, slogans advertised, social realism art style, Mao figurehead, swam in Yangtze river to show strength, little red book distributed throughout the country
31
mao vs stalin - ideology
- mao: revolutionaries on the outside could not dictate China - mao thought marxism should be peasants, stalin thought urban based revolution
32
1950 sino soviety treaty
$300 million soviet loan, PRC dependant on soviets until 1960, did not trust Soviets
33
parting of bamboo curtain
1972 - USA/PRC relations improved USA recognized PRC right to replace Taiwan in UN (this is Nixon) - helped US undermine USSR
34
Mao's achievements
- China established as independant - turned PRC into great world power - developed nuclear weapons - superpower status - PRC in UN as real China gov - foced down USSR - leading voice of international communist - destroyed european imperialism in China
35
first 5 year plan
1953, incluenced by USSR - steel and coal production - agriculture did not improve as much - successful
36
2nd 5-year plan, aka great leap forward
1958 - aim: catch up with Western industrialzed nations fast, reduce reliance on USSR - increase steel, food production - backyard steel furnaces, communes (like collectivization) - bad agriculture methods - results: decrease in food production, starvation masked by propoganda, open criticism of Mao, Deng Xiauping and Liu Shaoqi took over CCP
37
Mao's motives
- leaving a lecacy - paranoia resentment for Liu and Deng - ideplogy - international rivalry - nationalism (no foreign influence)
38
august rally (when, what)
august 18 1966 Tianmen Square, Beijing, filled w young people coming to Cheer for Mao, attacked 4 olds,red guard set up
39
4 olds
thoughts, habits, culture, customs
40
red guard targets
education system, public trasnport, broke into houses, religious shrines, temples, libraries, museums, intellectuals
41
Lin Biao
named Mao's successor 1969, seen as too ambitious killed in plane crash w family
42
ending cultural revolution
losing momentum by 1970s death of Lin Biao led to questions about maos leadership, moderates like Zhou Enlai became more influential
43
Jiang Qing
maos wife denounced 4 olds, imposed rigid cencorship especially in arts, banned all western influence, stronghold on arts 1966-76 (maos death), no culture in china as a result
44
religion under mao
- compared christian missionaries to nazis - religion banned 1949 - propoganda against religion - some patriotic churches stayed open
45
marriage law 1950
- concubines banned - arranged marriages banned - women could initiate divorce - all marriages had to be officially registered
46
women under mao
- could own/sell land because of land redistribution - number of women in workplace quadrubled 1949-76 (up to 32%), mostly heavy labour - only 13% of communist party members
47
impact of cultural reevolution
- owning private property a crime - pooling ressources - families no longer held together by money - nuclear family discouraged
48
minorities
- most people were the Han (80%) - 54 recognized minority groups - propoganda posters promoted unity amongst and recognition of minorities - Xinjiang had lots of minorities, less loyal to Beijing, so gov settled Han there to weaken them

2024-2025 IB HL history (3 decks)

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