Mapk Pathways

Question 1

What are the 3 main mapk in humans

Answer 1

P38 a-d , jnk 1-4, erk 1/2

Question 2

What are the mapkk in all 3 mapk pathways in humans

Answer 2

Mek 1-7

Question 3

Which Mek mapkk is shared by jnk and p38

Answer 3

Mek 4

Question 4

What type of responses does erk do

Answer 4

Proliferation, diff, development , survival, migration

Question 5

What are the 4 major signals for erk pathway via grb2 activation via sh2 etc

Answer 5

Egf (egfr)

Pdgf (pdgfr)

Insulin (ir)

Ngf (ngfr)

Question 6

What is pdgf signalling for

Answer 6

Wound healing

Question 7

What is ngf signalling for

Answer 7

Growth of neurones

Question 8

What other 2 mapkk activate / phosphorylate erk

Answer 8

Mos and tpl2

Question 9

What is mos for

Answer 9

Activates both p38 and erk to induce nfkb production which is a tf for things like survival

Question 10

What does tpl2 do

Answer 10

Regulation of tumours via erk

Question 11

What cytoplasmic effect does erk have

Answer 11

Pla2 phospholipase a2 production which allows formation of arachidonic acid which used to produce pge2 etc

Question 12

Which 2 tf are activated as nuclear targets of erk and why

Answer 12

C Fos and c myc

C fos (ap 1 tf)

Question 13

What does c myc do

Answer 13

Control elongation in txn

Question 14

What things does c fos ap1 regulate

Answer 14

Genes for pro, differentiation, apoptosis

Question 15

Which 2 phosphatases de phosphorylate erk

Answer 15

Ptp- sl (Dephos phosphotyrosine residues)

Dusps (dephos tyrosine, thr and ser residues)

Question 16

What treatments have been targeting erk pathway for cancer

Answer 16

Receptor mutation treatment

Ras blocking to membrane

Raf inhibitors

Mek inhibitors

Combination (eg Mek and raf inhibitors)

Question 17

What melanoma treatment was used to target erk

Answer 17

Raf inhibitor

Question 18

What are the main issues in erk cancer treatment

Answer 18

Relapse

Question 19

What are the major signals for p38 pathway

Answer 19

Osmotic stress, cytokines eg il1, death receptors, oxidative stress

Question 20

What are the 5 mapkkk in p38 path

Answer 20

Mekk 1-4, ask1, dlk

Question 21

What is ask1 mapkkk for

Answer 21

Apoptosis response via p38

Question 22

What is dlk mapkkk for

Answer 22

Neurodegeneration control

Question 23

What are the 2 main mapkk in p38 pathway

Answer 23

Mkk 3,6

Question 24

Which Isoform of p38 is the only one that has mapkk mkk 4 instead of 3 or 6

Answer 24

P38 alpha

Question 25

How are the 4 p38 isoforms produced

Answer 25

Differential RNA splicing

Question 26

Give examples of p38 action

Answer 26

Inflammation, proliferation, diff, apoptosis , RNA splicing , senescence

Question 27

Which effectors of p38 phosphorylate creb and histones

Answer 27

Msk 1/2

Question 28

What do mk 2/3 do which are effectors of p38

Answer 28

Regulate gene exp

Question 29

How do p38 isofomrs differ

Answer 29

Different cell targets

Question 30

What dephos p38 for control

Answer 30

Protein phosphatases 1 and 2

Question 31

Which p38s are in all tissue

Answer 31

A and b

Question 32

Which p38 is only in skeletal muscles

Answer 32

Y gamma

Question 33

Where is delta p38 expressed

Answer 33

Pancreas, intestine, heart, kidney etc

Question 34

Where is p38 phosphorylsted by mkk 3,4 or 6

Answer 34

Tyrosine residues in TGY motif | Thr,glycine, tyr

Question 35

What response would occur if phos of p38 was sustained or short

Answer 35

Sustained is apoptosis Fast phos is growth/proliferation via gf

Question 36

How many mapk paths in yeast cerevisiae

Answer 36

4

Question 37

Which mapk is for the pheromone response for mating

Answer 37

Fus3

Question 38

Which mapk is for filamentation or incase growth (activated by starvation)

Answer 38

Kss1

Question 39

Why is there a lot of potential cross talk between fus3 mating and invasive growth/dilamentstikn of kss1

Answer 39

Same mapkkk and mapkk Ste11 and ste7

Question 40

Which scaffold protein holds fus3 ste11 and 7 to stop it cross talking with kss1 and allows mating

Answer 40

Ste5

Question 41

What is the stress induced mapk in cerevisiae , candida and Pom be

Answer 41

Hog1

Question 42

Does hog1 have a scaffold

Answer 42

Yes pbs2 which also acts as a mapkk for ste11 (yes hog shares mapkkk of fus3 and kss1)

Question 43

Which 2 scaffolds does erk have

Answer 43

Ksr and mp1

Question 44

What is always bound to ksr scaffold

Answer 44

Mek and raf, erk only associates if signal produced

Question 45

What protein allows mp1 localisation in endosomes to allow it to activate erk path

Answer 45

P14

Question 46

Which signal is mp1 important for

Answer 46

Egf which is pro and diff

Question 47

Is mek bound to mp1 always

Answer 47

Yes

Question 48

How many branches of mapkkk does hog1 in cerevisiae have before the pbs2 and hog1

Answer 48

2 (the ste11 one and another )

Question 49

How does hog help osmotic stress

Answer 49

Glycerol transport

Question 50

What other responses does hog mediate

Answer 50

Cell cycle progession , txn , translation, metabolism, ion transport

Question 51

Which mapk is important for candida virulence so the path is good for drug target

Answer 51

Hog1

Question 52

What is the 2 component system of hog in candida

Answer 52

The phos of 3 proteins - ( histidine pk, phosphotransfer protein , response regulator) Inactivates hog phos This phos is blocked when signals like osmotic stress occurs

Question 53

What is the hog1 called in pombe for stress

Answer 53

Sty1

Question 54

What is a target for sty1 in pombe

Answer 54

Atf1 mrna stabilisation Atf1 is a tf important for antioxidant genes

Question 55

What antioxidant enzyme which breaks down hydrogen peroxide binds sty1 in pombe to phosphorylate it during stress

Answer 55

Tpx1