Mapping the Earth Flashcards
(28 cards)
Latitude
Called parallels, imaginary lines that trend from east to west, which are measured north and south of the equator as an angle from the center of the earth,
Name the Latitude Special Numbers
0° = Equator, 90° North = North Pole, 90° South = South Pole, 23 1/2° North = Tropic of Cancer, 23 1/2° South = Tropic of Capricorn, 66 1/2° North = Arctic circle, 66 1/2° South = Antarctic circle
Longitude
Called meridians, imaginary lines that tred from north to south, measured east and west of the prime Meridian as an angle from center of the earth
Name the Longitude Special Numbers
0° = Prime Meridian (trends through Greenwich England and established in 1884), 180° = International Date Line.
Contour lines
imaginary lines on the earth’s surface connecting points of equal elevation.
Rules of Contour lines
Closed, never cross except whenat overhanging walls, show a “V” pattern in presence of stream, pointing up stream at the apex, widely spaced = gentle slope, closely spaced = steep slopes, closed circular or oval = ridge or hill, closed circular with hachures = depression, Specific elevations show an “X” also called a benchmark, Every 5th contour = index contour and is bolder than the rest,
Contour interval
Distance between adjacent contour lines
Relief
Distance between two elevations
North Arrow
True North - geographic north, Magnetic North - compass direction as a result of Earth’s magnetic field, Magnetic
Declination- angle between true north and magnetic north.
Scale (three types) - fractional scale
Fixed ratio, example - 1:24,000
Scale (three types) - graphical scale
Line or bar
Scale (three types) - Verbal scale
statement, 1 inch equals 1 mile
Where is the location on a map?
The location is writing in the title, it is written as a rectangle withtin it’s state image.
Where is the latitude and longitude on a map?
Latitude and longitude shown in corners (center of numbers always aligned with respective coordinate)
Features - Topography
Are printed in brown and are called contour lines.
Features - Water features
Are printed in blue and include oceans, lakes, streams, ponds, canals, etc.
Features - Vegetation
Are printed in green and include forests, woodlands, etc.
Features - Cultures
Are printed in black and include roads, railroads, buildings, land boundaries, etc.
Features - Other Artificial Features
Are printed in red and include major roads, land boundaries, coordinates, etc.
Features - Revisions
Are printed in purple (mostly) or in peach and include newly added features to a previously published map.
What is a map scale?
A map scale is the ratio between distances on a map and actual distances on the surface of Earth.
What is cartography?
The science of map making.
How much is each degree of latitude equal to?
A degree of latitude is equal to about 111 km on earth.
What is the circumference of Earth?
The circumference of Earth is about 40,000 km.
