Maps

Question 1

three principles for designing maps

Answer 1

1. focus (who the map is for)
2. simplicity (what data is needed what isn’t?)
3. think cross disciplinary

Question 2

what does a map represent

Answer 2

spatial data that provides a reader with information

Question 3

can maps be abstract

Answer 3

YES - can be ideas or concepts

Question 4

are maps considered a model

Answer 4

YES

Question 5

are maps truthful

Answer 5

NO - all maps are wrong

Question 6

what is cartographic generalization

Answer 6

the simplification of representing items on a map

Question 7

does GIS data have a map scale before or after map is printed

Answer 7

AFTER printed

Question 8

what controls generalization

Answer 8

scale

Question 9

what are two ways of generalization

Answer 9

1. line simplification
2. reduction of spatial complexity

Question 10

how can curves on a map be simplified

Answer 10

by using a subset of the original points

Question 11

how can features be moved to increase clarity

Answer 11

smoothing them (make straight lines smooth and remove elements that aren’t needed)

Question 12

geographic scale

Answer 12

real world size or area of a feature

Question 13

relationship between objects on ground to geographic scale

Answer 13

larger ground objects = larger geographic scale

Question 14

map scale

Answer 14

a value representing the number of units on a map relative to the number of same units on the ground

Question 15

what is representative scale

Answer 15

the number of units on a map : the number of SAME units on the ground

Question 16

what are three ways a map scale can be represented

Answer 16

1. representative fraction
2. verbal
3. scale bar

Question 17

do representative fractions have units

Answer 17

NO

Question 18

scale bar

Answer 18

a graphic representation of the map scale

Question 19

what is the best option for scale on a map

Answer 19

scale bar

Question 20

large vs small scale map

Answer 20

large scale: maps showing SMALL geographic region with LARGE representative fraction value

small scale: maps showing a LARGE geographic region with a SMALL representative fraction value

Question 21

are features on a small scale map large or small

Answer 21

small

Question 22

are features on a large scale map large or small

Answer 22

large

Question 23

large or small scale map

Answer 23

large

Question 24

large or small scale map

Answer 24

small

Question 25

accuracy vs precision

Answer 25

accuracy: degree for which information matches the true value precision: the level of exactness/repeatability of a dataset

Question 26

is accuracy or precision "how far the data is from the reference point"

Answer 26

accuracy

Question 27

is accuracy or precision "the distribution of data around a mean value"

Answer 27

precision

Question 28

what is the standard mapping accuracy

Answer 28

0.5 mm

Question 29

what happens to the area of uncertainty as the scale increases

Answer 29

area of uncertainty increases as scale increases

Question 30

what are some purposes for maps

Answer 30

1. reference map 2. thematic map

Question 31

reference map

Answer 31

a map that shows where geographic features are relative to each other

Question 32

topographic map

Answer 32

designed to convey information about a single topic

Question 33

type of map

Answer 33

thematic

Question 34

type of map

Answer 34

reference

Question 35

contrast points , polygones and lines

Answer 35

points - no area or length polygons - has area lines - has length

Question 36

what is symbology

Answer 36

set of conventions that define how geographic features are represented with symbols on a map

Question 37

what does symbology refer to

Answer 37

the size, shape and colour of symbols used

Question 38

why are single symbol symbology used

Answer 38

show one set of data (where things are)

Question 39

why are unique values used for symbology

Answer 39

show contrast between features in different categories (embassy by colour for each country)

Question 40

what are graduated color symbology

Answer 40

features are placed in classes based on numeric values (shows density)

Question 41

why is classification used in maps

Answer 41

1. for quantitate data 2. when applying graduated symbology

Question 42

three types of classification

Answer 42

1. natural breaks 2. equal interval 3. quantile

Question 43

pros and cons of natural breaks classification

Answer 43

pro - good for mapping uneven distribution cons - not good for comparing data - difficult to find the proper number of classes

Question 44

pros and cons of quantile classification

Answer 44

pro - provides understanding of relative position cons - similar features can be placed in different classes - widely different features can be placed in the same class

Question 45

pros and cons of equal interval classification

Answer 45

pro - best for values such as percentage or temp cons - prone to issues with clustering - not ideal of uneven distribution

Question 46

why is normalization used in maps

Answer 46

it creates a ratio map, allows for comparison between different areas