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Geology 102 > Maps - Chapter 3 - Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Maps - Chapter 3 - Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a map meant to be used for?

A

Maps are a visual communication, gives location and political boundaries from one person to another.

Use to visualize and interpret different patterns

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2
Q

Name 3 ancient tools used to create maps

A

Sextant – measure angles. Used for navigation

Compass

Maps

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3
Q

What are modern tools to create maps?

A

Satellite images

Loads of historical data from geologists, geographers

GPS systems (Global positioning system)

GIS geographical information systems. ArcView

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4
Q

What does it mean to have a mental map

A

The map that you visualize in your head.
For example your route to the classroom

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5
Q

What is wrong with map projections?

A

There are distortion – putting the spherical globe on a 2-D paper

There is no way to make the representation exact

Warps our perception of the size of continents and countries

Comparing two map projections, one is not right or wrong, it just depends what you need to use it for.

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6
Q

_____ can help ________ locate precious _______ and locate where good _______ is to help farmers

A

maps
geologists
metals
soil

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7
Q

What are the two coordinate systems?

A

Latitude and longitude
Grid

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8
Q

The __________ is a line of latitude that separates the earth into the northern and southern hemisphere

A

equator

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9
Q

The _______ of latitude divide the whole surface of the globe in 3 regions in the north and 3 regions in the south

A

angles

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10
Q

0 - 23.5 degrees N or S = _____ latitudes. The area of the globe between the Equator and the ________ ____ ________ located N of Equator (in the northern hemisphere) and the area of the globe between Equator and the ________ ___ __________ is in the southern hemisphere,

A

Tropic of Cancer
Tropic of Capricorn

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11
Q

23.5 - 66.5 degrees = ____ latitudes. Between the lines of the tropics and _______ circles N and S, and

A

mid
polar

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12
Q

66.5 - 90 degrees = ______latitudes. Between the polar circles and the _____ of the earth.

A

high
poles

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13
Q

True or False: Longitude lines are parallel

A

False

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14
Q

M_________ of longitude: converge at the ______ and ______ poles

A

meridians
north
south

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15
Q

__________ lines are all the same length
pick: latitude or longitude

A

longitude

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16
Q

Longitude lines are measure from the ______ _______

A

prime meridian
or
Greenwich meridian

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17
Q

Longitude lines divide the globe into the __________ hemisphere and __________ hemisphere

A

western
eastern

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18
Q

What does UTM stand for

A

Universal Transverse Mercator

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19
Q

Does the grid method of coordinate systems have inconsistency in measurements from where you are on the earth

A

NO, the grid method is consistent across the world. The latitude and longitude are inconsistent.

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20
Q

Which method of coordinate systems is much more technically accurate

A

Grid

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21
Q

Why do we need a title for maps

A

Describe what we are going to see on the map

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22
Q

What does a legend show

A

shows what the symbols mean, coloured areas, and more features

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23
Q

Describe qualitative vs quantative map features

A

Qualitative shows that features are there

Quantative shows that features are there and quantity, degrees, or other measurement characteristics

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24
Q

Describe what bathymetry means

A

shows water depths, ie darker colours = deeper water

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25
More ______ means there is a greater distance in elevation
Relief
26
Would Regina of the Rockies have a greater contour interval?
The Rockies, they have more difference in elevations
27
What does the Rule of V's mean on a contour map?
The V points upstream - towards the hill
28
Gradients appear in contour maps. How would we calculate one?
Gradient = Slope angle = rise / run
29
What does interpolation mean
Using data from one map to create another map. ex> Drawing contour lines to create a topographical map
30
What does a north arrow tell us?
It shows which direction to look at the map
31
Define what a scale does
map is a much smaller representation of what is truly there. Scale shows how to make the conversion between the ratio of the two.
32
What are characteristics of the representative fraction
You can use any units, up to you Use same units of either side, that why they cancel out 1:1000 or 1/1000
33
What are the characteristics of a verbal scale
Describe the distance on the map verbally units do not have to be the same on both sides. 1cm = 5km
34
What are the characteristics of a line scale?
Basically like a ruler, but at the scale of the map. We can determine how the length correlates to the distance on the map by measuring it If you take the map and blow it up, the line scale changes with the map. A fractional scale will not be able to do this
35
If we have a map of Canada and one of the university campus, which would be large scale and which would be small scale?
Canada - small scale University campus - large scale
36
Why would we have vertical exagerations for cross-section maps
Vertical scale can be bigger than the horizontal to pronounce features and details
37
Are magnetic north, true north and grid north always equivalent?
No
38
Which of the three norths does a compass use?
Magnetic north
39
What is the magnetosphere?
The magnetic field
40
What is magnetic declination
the difference in degree between true north and magnetic north Use latitude and longitude of the site to determine Magnetic declinations change for where you are on the world.
41
Describe how the magnetic field works
At the core of the earth there is a iron and nickel sphere, and the is liquid metal that surrounds it, therefore it has current. This creates electrical currents, which the creates the magnetic fields around the earth. The magnetosphere protects use from solar radiation that is harmful and prevents the atmosphere from getting stripped off the earth due to solar flare. We can tell when the magnetic field flips based on the iron content in cooled lava. The earth's magnetic field is weakening and but the rate it is changing is increasing.
42
Which north is the intersection of the longitudinal lines. Also know as geographical north
True north
43
For the UTM system, the grid north is slightly offset from the ______ _______
True north
44
What are the elements that compose the majority of the earth
Magnesium, calcium, iron, nickel, aluminum, silicon, sulfur, oxygen
45
46
What are the 3 main layers of the earth
Lithosphere, mantle, core
47
What are the sublayers of the lithosphere and what is the state
Crust, uppermost mantle rigid
48
What are the sublayers of the mantle and what is the state
upper mantle, asthenosphere, lower mantle plastic
49
What are the sublayers of the core and what is the state
outer core, inner core liquid, solid
50
What does the Greek word lithos mean
Rocky
51
What are 4 ways we know what the geology inside of the earth is?
Composition of meteorites. They are composed of early materials that composed the planets Plate tectonics brought rocks to the surface of the earth Kimberlite pipe. Old volcanos that are now dormant. They had brought up pieces of the mantle Seismic – geophysical data – used earthquake data. Difference in densities of the layers change the way the waves move (direction and velocity). The image of the sphere shows that if an earth quake occurs it will take different amounts of time to reach different places around the world because of the different densities.
52
What are 3 ways the earth has changed through time that is similar to other planets
wind erosion, fluid erosion, volcanism
53
What are the ways earth has changed over time that is fairly unique to earth.
The composition of the atmosphere. There used to be only CO2 in the atmosphere until life began. We now have 21% oxygen in the atmosphere Ocean. Through the rock pattern and fossils we can see evidence of an ocean Life. Many different types and quantity it occupies Internal heat. Plate tectonics. Completely unique to earth
54
What generates the internal heat of the earth
Radioactive potassium, uranium, and thorium that are decaying and releasing heat. Generates volcanoes This is where geothermal energy comes from. In Canada every 1 km deep = 25 degrees Celsius added. Heat left over from earths formation
55
Lithosphere is moving over the ____________
asthenosphere
56
At the _________ of the plates there will be more activity for earthquakes and volcanoes
boundaries
57
Can some regions along the boundaries of the plates have solely earthquakes or volcanoes?
Yes
58
True or false: Volcanoes don’t occur right on the boundaries and where the plate tectonics are meeting. The volcanos are slightly offset from the action.
True
59
As we move towards the center of the earth, the contents are ______ dense
More
60
Order these from most dense to less dense: oceanic crust , continental crust, mantle
continental crust, oceanic crust, mantle
61
What are the 3 types of plate boundaries?
Divergent boundaries Convergent Boundaries transform-fault boundaries
62
What does divergent boundaries do?
ocean plates or continental plate separation
63
What does convergent boundaries do?
ocean-ocean, ocean-continent, continent-continent convergent Subduction zones - one plate sinks into the mantle
64
What are transform-fault boundaries
continental, mid-ocean ridge transform fault Two tectonic plates slide against each-other
65
Which is more dense, the continental crust or the ocean crust
Continental crust is less dense than the ocean crust
66
Which is one of the most important geo-science revolutions?
Plate tectonics This unifies why geological phenomena's occur
67
What is the difference between theory and hypothesis
A hypothesis is an idea you have A theory is a hypothesis that has been tested repeatedly
68
What is the scientific method of questions asked to obtain results
1. Pose a question 2. Develop a hypothesis “I think this is what will happen” 3. Test the hypothesis by collecting and analysing data, then based on the data, the hypothesis can be verified or rejected. 4. reach a conclusion, start again with a new hypothesis, or refine your hypothesis and build on what you have learned!
69
What was the continental drift hypothesis missing?
Just taking into account the continents as tectonic plates, when the ocean should be included as well
70
if it is an oceanic plate or continental plate does it change how they react with each other?
yes

Geology 102 (11 decks)

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