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History (Evan Grade 6) > Mapungubwe > Flashcards

Mapungubwe Flashcards

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1
Q

What is K2 in the context of Limpopo Valley settlements?

A

K2 is a site where archaeologists found a midden (rubbish dump) from a town inhabited from 900 AD to 1300 AD

The midden provides evidence of past societies and their lifestyles.

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2
Q

What is Schroda (in the Limpopo valley)?

A

Schroda is a modern-day farm where archaeologists found important evidence related to trade

This site supports understanding of trade routes and cultural interactions.

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3
Q

What type of artifacts were found at K2 and Schroda?

A

Thousands of glass beads that came to the Limpopo valley almost 100 years ago

These beads originated from India, indicating trade connections.

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4
Q

What time period did the settlements in the Limpopo Valley thrive?

A

900 AD to 1300 AD

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5
Q

What materials were found that indicate trade in the Limpopo Valley?

A

Small pieces of ivory and glass beads

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6
Q

Who were the Zhizo people?

A

A group of people in the Limpopo Valley that became rich and powerful by controlling trade

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7
Q

What resources did the Zhizo people trade?

A

Gold, ivory, and rhino horn

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8
Q

Fill in the blank: The land of Zanj produces wild _______ skins.

A

leopard

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9
Q

What does ‘Zanj’ mean in Persian?

A

‘Black’

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10
Q

True or False: The Zanj area has a cold climate.

A

False

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11
Q

What type of climate does the land of Zanj have?

A

Warm and fertile

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12
Q

What types of animals are mentioned as part of the Zanj economy?

A

Wild elephants and leopards

Elephants are hunted for their ivory, while leopard skins are used for clothing and trade.

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13
Q

Where is the ivory from the Zanj sent?

A

China and India

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14
Q

What was the purpose of the people living in small towns around powerful leaders in the Limpopo Valley?

A

To mine gold and facilitate trade

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15
Q

What did farmers in the Limpopo valley do mostly (before 900 AD)?

A

kept cattle
grew crops like sorghum and cotton
lived in small villages

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16
Q

What changed for farmers in the Limpopo valley after 900AD?

A
  • started living in larger settlements
  • some people became more powerful than others
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17
Q

What is trade?

A

the action of buying or selling goods or services

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18
Q

What is craft?

A

how to make goods usually for selling

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19
Q

Why did life change in the Limpopo valley between 900AD and 1300AD?

A

The farming people there began to trade
with Swahili traders (who came down east coast of Africa) and it became an important commericial network between Europe & Africa

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20
Q

What does commercial mean?

A

the business of trading and exchanging goods and services

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21
Q

What did traders teach each other about? (in Limpopo valley around 900 AD)

A

learnt about each other’s cultures
i.e. shared songs, languages & ideas about how to craft

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22
Q

What do AD and BC stand for?

A

Anno Domini
Before Christ

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23
Q

Why did the farmers in the Limpopo valley mostly keep cattle?

24
Q

What words replace BC and AD?

Study These Flashcards
A

BC –> BCE = before common era
AD –> CE = common era

25
What did the people who lived in the Limpopo valley exchange for new goods like glass beads?
Ivory leopard skin gold rhino horn
26
What was Mapungubwe? how did it get its name?
A kingdom (the first large state in Southern Africa in 1220 -1300) Name came from its king, the Mambo
27
What did the people of Mapungubwe believe about their king?
He had a special relationship with the ancestors & gods that gave him a sacred right to rule. He could control the rain including floods & droughts.
28
Discuss Mapungubwe hill
- A hill where the king of Mapungubwe moved his residence. - Moved there to show show his power. - There was a stone wall built around it. - The hill was just behind K2. - Top of hill made level by his followers carrying tons of sand up. - huts on top of the hill for the leader's wives, senior sister/diviner, advisers, healers and guards.
29
Why did the king of Mapungubwe move his residence to the top of the hill?
To remind his people of his power i.e. control over the rain needed for crops, floods & droughts
30
Why did the king of Mapungubwe build stone walls ?
To make the point that - he was more important than other people - he was separate from them
31
How did a person get to the palace of the king of Mapungubwe?
Had to climb up one of three ladders in the rock wall of the hill
32
Where did important people in Mapungubwe get buried vs normal people?
Rich/important people - at the top of the hill Normal people - at the bottom of the hill
33
Why was the royal family in Mapungubwe buried with golden objects?
Because they were wealthy. The golden objects were symbols of power & wealth
34
What were rhinos a symbol of in Mapungubwe?
power & importance
35
Describe three items found at the top of Mapungubwe hill.
Golden bowl (symbolised power) Golden sceptre (held by the king to show his power & importance) Golden rhino (also showed power & importance)
36
How did Mapungubwe function as an organised state?
- used a tax system called the tribute system - farmer --> local chief --> king - king + rulers looked after the people during drought and war note: --> means *they paid tribute to*
37
Describe how the living arrangements in Mapungubwe reflected their social hierarchy
The higher you were in the social hierarchy, the higher you lived on the Mapungubwe hill. Top of the hill = king + family + attendance Side of the hill = wealthy + elite people (royals) Bottom of the hill = ordinary people
38
Describe the first town
- Mapungubwe was the first town - Population: 5000 people - Leaders lived on the hill - Normal people lived below the hill, many along the banks of Limpopo river - Not space for town to grow (natural rock walls on the north & south side)
39
Describe the social structure of Mapungubwe
There were distinct social classes: 1. Most elite = Royal family 2. Religious leaders Chief diviner = king's sister = person who foretells the future Men who made/smelt metals = Men of high status People who wore or handled gold = high status
40
What metals were made in Mapungubwe?
Gold, copper, brass and iron
41
How was metal made in Mapungubwe?
1. Heat the rock containing metal until metal was separated from the rock; 2. Heat metals again & beat into shape
42
What were average farmers / poor people's tools made from?
bone & stone
42
What was iron used for in Mapungubwe?
to make - arrowheads - adzes (tool for smoothing & carving wood) - chizels - axes
43
What trade did the mambo control by 1200AD?
trade from the Limpopo valley to the east coast of Africa
44
What did traders from Mapungubwe trade with farmers & hunter gathers?
Pottery & stone
45
Describe Mapungubwe trade Swahili and Arab traders
Mapungubwe people traded **gold**, **ivory** and **copper** for **glass beads** (very rare & used by the wealthy to buy cattle)
46
Why was cattle so valuable to the Mapungubwe men?
could be traded for wives which gave them children wives & children could work his farm
47
Describe the journey of Mapungubwe trade bearers
- walked for hundred of miles - along Limpopo river - did not carry water - carried trade goods on their heads - wore hunger belts (tightened around waist to stop them feeling hungry!!) - faced dangers (hunger, wild animals, flooding river)
48
Today, Mapungubwe is a ..... site
world heritage site
49
Why is Mapungubwe a world heritage site?
reminds us that there were large, organised kingdoms in Africa hundreds of years ago
50
What is the Order of Mapungubwe?
- a special award given to South Africans who have served the country - awarded once a year to a few people
51
Why was there tension between the people and the mambo?
drought
52
List 3 ways the mambo responded to the tension in his kingdom
He showed his power by: 1. moved his res to the top of the hill 2. built stone wall around his homestead to screen it off 3. made it hard to get to him
53
Who lived on Mapungubwe hill with the king?
king's wives and family diviner guards healers advisors
54
Why did the Mapungubwe people respect the king?
1. He had a relationship with the ancestors & gods 2. He controlled rain & floods (because of 1)
55
Where did the gold in Mapungubwe come from?
Limpopop river
56
What is a world heritage site ?
it is a place that has been recognised as important for all people in the whole world

History (Evan Grade 6) (2 decks)

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