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Geography > Mapwork (Paper 2) > Flashcards

Mapwork (Paper 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the word for a map-maker?

A

Cartographer

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2
Q

How much does latitude and longitude does one topographical map cover?

A

15 minutes by 15 minutes (640km^2)

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3
Q

How big are the blocks that SA is divided into?

A

1 degree by 1 degree (with 16 maps in each)

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4
Q

How do you convert DMS to Decimal Degrees?

A 
Leave degrees
Add to
Minutes divided by 60
Add to
Seconds divided by 3600
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5
Q

Definition of magnetic bearing

A

The angle between magnetic north and a given point

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6
Q

Definition of magnetic declination

A

The angle of difference between the direction of True North and Magnetic North

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7
Q

What is MD equal to

A

(annual change x year difference) + total change

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8
Q

What is MB equal to

A

TB + MD

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9
Q

Where do shadows fall in the morning?

A

To the SW

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10
Q

Where do shadows fall in the afternoon?

A

To the SE

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11
Q

Definition of relief

A

Shape (in terms of height) of the Earth’s surface

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12
Q

Give TWO examples of things which show relief

A

Spot Heights

Trig Beacons

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13
Q

Definition of Vertical Exaggeration

A

Amount by which the vertical scale of a cross section is bigger than the horizontal scale

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14
Q

Formula for Vertical Exaggeration

A

VS/HS

vertical scale over horizontal scale

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15
Q

How is gradient shown?

A

As a ratio of (Height:Distance)

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16
Q

What is the main geographical factor that will influence land use?

A

Relief

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17
Q

Where will settlements definitely NOT be found

A

On steep slopes

Far away from rivers

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18
Q

Definition of aspect

A

The compass direction that a slope faces

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19
Q

Will crops be grown on the S or N facing crops in the SH?

A

On the sunnier, north-facing slopes

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20
Q

Does forestry take place on steep slopes or gentle slopes?

A

Steep slopes

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21
Q

Does crop farming take place on steep slopes or gentle slopes?

A

Gentle slopes

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22
Q

Which kind of rivers indicate a good water source

A

Perennial rivers

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23
Q

Which TWO things indicate seasonal rainfall?

A

Non-perennial rivers

Storage dams

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24
Q

Which two features indicate fire management in mountainous areas?

A

Jeep Tracks

Firebreaks

25
Q

Which THREE things indicate lower rainfall in an area?

A

Irrigation systems
Sparse vegetation
Rock outcrops

26
Q

What indicates high rainfall in an area?

A

Forests

27
Q

What are rural settlements most influenced by?

A

Drainage

Rivers

28
Q

What FOUR things is the location of urban settlements influenced by?

A

Mineral Resources
Transport Routes
Rivers
Poorts in the mountain

29
Q

Which THREE things indicate crop farming?

A

Silos
Good irrigation
Near to permanent water sources

30
Q

What one thing indicates livestock farming?

A

Wind pumps

31
Q

Which FIVE things shows a commercial farm on the topographical map?

A 
NAME and NUMBER in centre of grey lines
Other buildings
Round cultivated fields
Water facilities (pumps, canals or furrows)
Electricity (Power lines)
32
Q

Where are subsistence farmers’ settlements most frequently located?

A

On hilltops

33
Q

What influences the location of transport routes?

A

Relief

34
Q

At what angle to the horizontal is a vertical photograph taken

A

90 degrees to the horizontal

35
Q

At what angle is a Low-angle Oblique photograph taken?

A

30 degrees to the vertical

36
Q

Name FIVE things associated with a Low-angle Oblique photograph

A

30 degrees to the vertical

Only small area can be seen
Foreground is distorted
Heights can be compared
Features are recognisable
Horizon cannot be seen
37
Q

Name THREE things associated with a High-angle Oblique photograph

A

60 degrees to the vertical

Scale is distorted
Large area is in the photograph
Horizon can be seen

38
Q

At what angle is a High-angle Oblique photograph taken?

A

60 degrees to the vertical

39
Q

Define remote sensing

A

Gathering information about an object without making physical contact with it

40
Q

Define data processing

A

Analysing and sorting data once it has been added to a GIS

41
Q

Define data pre-processing

A

Making data ready for computerisation

42
Q

Define data acquisition

A

Process of acquiring data

43
Q

Define spacial data

A

Data referring to a place or position

44
Q

Define data

A

Information that is stored, sorted and produced by a computer

45
Q

Define non-spacial data

A

Data that is not linked to any place or location

46
Q

Define attributes

A

The attributes that describe a feature

47
Q

Define spacial resolution

A

Scale or level of detail of work we are dealing with

48
Q

Define GIS

A

Stores, manages, analyses and displays data

49
Q

What is raster data?

A

Is is data that has pixels (photographs)

50
Q

What is the spacial resolution of raster data linked to?

A

Spacial resolution is the pixel size

51
Q

What is vector data?

A

An example could be a map

Made up of:
Arrays of coordinates
Points, lines and polygons

52
Q

What is the spacial resolution of vector data?

A

The accuracy of the map

53
Q

What is spectral resolution?

A

Range of wavelengths that an imaging system can detect

54
Q

If the the spectral resolution is high, are the bands large or small?

A

Small bands

55
Q

What is raster data mostly generated by?

A

Satellites

56
Q

What do satellites do in terms of GIS?

A

Measure amounts of surface reflection

Same as for digital camera

57
Q

What is a feature?

A

When more complex ideas are added onto basic vectors

58
Q

What is a spacial object?

A

When even more complex ideas are added onto a FEATURE

59
Q

What does data capture involve?

A

Georeferencing

This has to be done when overlaying maps in a GIS

This is associating something with a location

Geography (5 decks)

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