March 19

Question 1

Where are sperm made? Where are sperm stored?

Answer 1

• Made = seminiferous tubules

- Stored = epididymis

Question 2

Where does the ductus deferens begin?

Answer 2

Epididymis

Question 3

In which structure does the ductus deferens travel to reach the pelvis. Through which canal does this structure pass?

Answer 3

• Through the prostate to open into the prostatic part of the urethra
• Canal =

Question 4

Which structure does the ductus deferens join at its end?

Answer 4

The ampulla of the ductus deferens joins the duct of the seminal gland

Question 5

What is the name of the enlargement of the ductus deferens?

Answer 5

Ampulla (vile)

Question 6

What is the relationship of the ductus deferens to the bladder?

Answer 6

Ductus deferens lies superior to the bladder

Question 7

Which arteries supply the ductus deferens and which artery do they anastomose with?

Answer 7

Either superior vesicle or inferior vesical artery eventually anastomosing with the testicular artery

Question 8

Which lymphatic nodes drain the ductus deferens?

Answer 8

External iliac lymph nodes

Question 9

Where are the seminal glands located? What is their relationship to the prostate?

Answer 9

• Located between the fundus of the bladder and the rectum

- Located superior to the prostate

Question 10

What percentage of fluid from the seminal glands makes up the semen?

Answer 10

65-75%

Question 11

Which arteries supply the seminal glands?

Answer 11

Inferior vesical and the middle rectal arteries

Question 12

Which veins drain the seminal glands?

Answer 12

Inferior vesical and the middle rectal veins

Question 13

Which node does the superior seminal gland drain into?

Answer 13

Drains into the external iliac nodes

Question 14

Which node does the inferior seminal gland drain into?

Answer 14

Inferior iliac node

Question 15

Where is the ejaculatory duct located?

Answer 15

Near the neck of the bladder

Question 16

What is their direction of passage through the prostate? In which part of the prostate is it found?

Answer 16

Pass through antero-inferiorly through the posterior part of the prostate

Question 17

Which arteries supply the ejaculatory duct? Which artery does it most typically arise from? Which artery does it less typically arise from?

Answer 17

• Arteries to the ductus deferens

- Usually arise from superior vesical artery but sometimes from the inferior vesical artery

Question 18

Which structures drain the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 18

• Veins join prostatic and vesicle venous plexuses

Question 19

Which lymph nodes drain the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 19

External iliac lymph nodes

Question 20

Which structure does the prostate surround?

Answer 20

Prostatic urethra

Question 21

What portion of the prostate is glandular? What portion of the prostate is fibromuscular?

Answer 21

• Glandular = 2/3

- Fibromuscular = 1/3

Question 22

What does the fibrous capsule of the prostate contain?

Answer 22

Venous and nervous plexus

Question 23

Which structure is the base of the prostate related to?

Answer 23

Neck of the bladder

Question 24

Which structure is the apex of the prostate in contact with?

Answer 24

Fascia on the superior aspect of the urethral sphincter

Question 25

What does the anterior surface of the prostate composed of and which structure does if form a part of?

Answer 25

- The anterior surface contains muscle fibers forming a rhadosphincter which is part of the urethral sphincter - Composed of muscle fibers

Question 26

Which structure is the posterior surface of the prostate related to?

Answer 26

Posterior of prostate is the furrow which is caused by the ampulla of the rectum

Question 27

Where is the isthmus located and which structure is it a superior continuation of?

Answer 27

- Anterior to the prostatic urethra | - Superior continuation of the urethral sphincter

Question 28

How many lobes and lobules is the prostate divided into?

Answer 28

2 lobes (right and left) further subdivided into: - Superficial inferoposterior lobule - Superficial inferolateral lobule - Superomedial lobule - Anteromedial lobule 1 median lobe: - Peromedial lobule - Anteromedial lobule

Question 29

How are the lobules defined?

Answer 29

By their relationship to the urethra and the ejaculatory ducts

Question 30

Which lobule is palpated on the digital rectal exam and therefore, screened for prostate cancer?

Answer 30

Inferior posterior lobe

Question 31

What is the relationship of the inferoposterior lobule to the urethra and the ejaculatory ducts?

Answer 31

- Posterior to urethra | - Inferior to ejaculatory ducts

Question 32

Which lobule forms the major part of the prostate?

Answer 32

Inferolateral lobule

Question 33

What is the relationship of the inferolateral lobule to the urethra?

Answer 33

Lateral to urethra

Question 34

Which lobule surrounds the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 34

Superomedial lobule

Question 35

Which lobule is deep to the inferoposterior lobule?

Answer 35

Superomedial lobule

Question 36

Which lobule is lateral to the proximal prostatic urethra?

Answer 36

Anteromedial lobule

Question 37

Which lobule is deep to the inferolateral lobule?

Answer 37

Anteromedial lobule

Question 38

Which lobules make up the median lobe?

Answer 38

Peromedial and anteromedial lobules

Question 39

Which lobe undergoes hormone-induced hypertrophy in advanced age?

Answer 39

Median lobe

Question 40

Which lobe is responsible for the uvula which projects into the internal urethral orifice?

Answer 40

Median Lobe

Question 41

Where and into which structure do the prostatic ducts open into?

Answer 41

Prostatic sinus receives opening of prostatic ducts

Question 42

Where is the seminal colliculus found?

Answer 42

Near the seminal vesicle

Question 43

Which percentage of semen comes from prostatic fluid?

Answer 43

15-30%

Question 44

Which arteries supply the prostate?

Answer 44

- Inferior vesical arteries (most common variant) - Internal pudendal artery - Middle rectal artery

Question 45

Prostatic arteries are branches of which artery?

Answer 45

Branches of internal iliac artery

Question 46

What are the two possible pathways of venous drainage of the prostate?

Answer 46

Prostatic venous plexus draining into the internal iliac veins OR into the vesical venous plexus then to the internal vertebral venous plexus

Question 47

What are the nodes that lymph from the prostate drains into?

Answer 47

External iliac lymph nodes

Question 48

What is the landmark close to the seminal glands?

Answer 48

- Between the fundus of bladder and rectum | - Located superior to prostate

Question 49

Which structure are the bulbo-urethral glands close to and what is their relationship?

Answer 49

Lie posterio-lateral to intermediate urethra

Question 50

The bulbo-urethral glands are embedded within which structure?

Answer 50

Embedded within external urethral sphincter

Question 51

The ducts of the bulbo-urethral glands open into which structure?

Answer 51

Ducts open into proximal part of the spongy urethra

Question 52

Which proportion of semen comes from the bulbo-urethral glands?

Answer 52

1%

Question 53

Describe the sympathetic innervation of the male reproductive organs.

Answer 53

Sympathetic trunk (L1, L2) -> Lumbar Splanchnic Nerves -> Superior/Inferior Hypogastric Pelvic Plexuses

Question 54

Describe the parasympathetic innervations of the male reproductive organs

Answer 54

S2, S3, S4 -> Pelvic Splanchnic Nerve -> Inferior Hypogastric and Prostate Plexuses

Question 55

What is the sympathetic function? What is the parasympathetic function?

Answer 55

- Sympathetic = ejaculation | - Parasympathetic = erection