March 28- March 30

Question 1

New Dictatorial style

Answer 1

• Different from populists + caudillos
• Frequently bureaucratic and institutionalized
• non personalistic
• Distrustful of citizens, willing to quell opposition with violence
• Major threats are internal rather than external- left wing
• National security, economic development- foreign investment, fewer taxes on rich, privatization, less public sector

Question 2

Argentina

Answer 2

Isabel peron- armed military and guerillas challenge her authority, taking advantage of turmoil

• Military takeover- 1976-83
• Went through series of dictatorial leaders, not one centralized leader

Question 3

Luis Moreno Ocampo

Answer 3

• Business community liked regime

- Civic military alliance

Question 4

Arriving at dictatorial regime

Answer 4

• Support of business class and elite
• Crisis of representation
• Weakened civil society and relatively autonomous state
• Lack of middle class
• Disintegration of democratic institution (congress)

Question 5

Reign of terror

Answer 5

• Weaken state institutions
• Mass torture centers
• Secret detention centers
• 10,000 people mass killed
• Lack of documentation and state coverup
• Censoring of information
• Desaparecidos- disappeared

Question 6

Emilio Crenzel

Answer 6

-Prevailing social memory is flattened, a lot of historicization, does not include responsibilities and political commitments of disappeared

Question 7

Downfall of military regime

Answer 7

• Crumbling economy
• Political and social stagnation
• Domestic manufacturing crumbled
• Defeat in malvinas Conflict, battle in falkland
• La dama de la muerte- thatcher- try to create international conflict with UK island

Question 8

Chile

Answer 8

• Rise of General Pinochet- took power in military coup of Salvador Allende
• Brutal regime
• Pinochet remained influential during transition to democracy
• Many chileans abroad (sweden)

Question 9

Chicago boys

Answer 9

-Pinochet relied heavily on laissez faire policies promoted by chicago boys- Uchicago economists who heavily influenced chilean economic policy

Question 10

Robert Dahl

Answer 10

Citizens have right to express selves without danger of severe punishment

Question 11

Pinochet down from power

Answer 11

-Vote-huge campaigns- voted him out

Question 12

Mothers of the plaza de mayo

Answer 12

-Mothers go with photos of disappeared every week

Question 13

Sites of memory

Answer 13

• Power of establishment of memorial

- Who is creating it? Where?

Question 14

Panorama of Latin American Drug war

Answer 14

• Coca leaves- for many many years, used as medicine, cultural part of society
• Sale and production of cocaine, cannabis, heroine
• Concentrated in andes region- colombia, peru, bolivia
• Mexico and Central America to US- primary pathway
• Drug consumption in SA low- has created a lot of violence- globally

Question 15

Mexico

Answer 15

• World’s largest opium cultivator
• 95 percent of cocaine passes through mexico
• On-going low intensity and asymmetric war
• Many deaths associated with mexican war on drugs between govt and cartels

Question 16

Femicides of Ciudad Juarez

Answer 16

• Institutional violence
• Sexual assault
• Police violence
• Cult
• US businessmen- factories on border with mexican women workers
• Lax control in capitalism- laissez faire policies
• Mass graves

Question 17

Roberto Bolano 2666

Answer 17

Femicides- many pages of repitition

Question 18

Narco corridos

Answer 18

Drug ballads from northern mexico
Themes- smuggling, narco culture, immigration, narco luxury, bandits, revolucionary
-Stratification of mexican society
-Reappropriation 
-Local strongmen (caudillos)

Question 19

Colombia

Answer 19

• Primarily of coca, opium, cannabis
• Violent and sophisticated drug trafficking
• Small trade, became evident that super lucrative, became super large
• Emergence of large cartels and pathways through caribbean and florida as major receptors of cocaine
• Assassination of Pablo Escobar- robinhood figure

Question 20

Our lady of the assassins

Answer 20

Fenando Vallejo

• Young gay boys hired killers
• Young people vulnerable to drug culture
• Absense of law of christ

Question 21

Botero

Answer 21

• Pablo escobar- giant figures
• Escobar had paintings, Botero fled
• Depiction of assassination, vulnerable

Question 22

Narcos

Answer 22

• tells story of escobar becoming billionaire
• people in it/ directing it no colombian
• white US people save the city

Question 23

Plan Colombia

Answer 23

• US funded FARC- revolutionary armed forces- fight guerillas
• Plan for peace, presperity and strengthening state
• Now part of homeland security
• Challenged by money laundering inherent in drug trafficing- panama papers
• El chapo drug lord escaping from mexican prison, contained in US Prison

Question 24

Context for dictatorship

Answer 24

• Democratic openings intermingled with brutal dictatorships
• Economic instability- growth and recession
• Cold war- international and US pressure to reject socialism