New Dictatorial style
- Different from populists + caudillos
- Frequently bureaucratic and institutionalized
- non personalistic
- Distrustful of citizens, willing to quell opposition with violence
- Major threats are internal rather than external- left wing
- National security, economic development- foreign investment, fewer taxes on rich, privatization, less public sector
Argentina
Isabel peron- armed military and guerillas challenge her authority, taking advantage of turmoil
- Military takeover- 1976-83
- Went through series of dictatorial leaders, not one centralized leader
Luis Moreno Ocampo
- Business community liked regime
- Civic military alliance
Arriving at dictatorial regime
- Support of business class and elite
- Crisis of representation
- Weakened civil society and relatively autonomous state
- Lack of middle class
- Disintegration of democratic institution (congress)
Reign of terror
- Weaken state institutions
- Mass torture centers
- Secret detention centers
- 10,000 people mass killed
- Lack of documentation and state coverup
- Censoring of information
- Desaparecidos- disappeared
Emilio Crenzel
-Prevailing social memory is flattened, a lot of historicization, does not include responsibilities and political commitments of disappeared
Downfall of military regime
- Crumbling economy
- Political and social stagnation
- Domestic manufacturing crumbled
- Defeat in malvinas Conflict, battle in falkland
- La dama de la muerte- thatcher- try to create international conflict with UK island
Chile
- Rise of General Pinochet- took power in military coup of Salvador Allende
- Brutal regime
- Pinochet remained influential during transition to democracy
- Many chileans abroad (sweden)
Chicago boys
-Pinochet relied heavily on laissez faire policies promoted by chicago boys- Uchicago economists who heavily influenced chilean economic policy
Robert Dahl
Citizens have right to express selves without danger of severe punishment
Pinochet down from power
-Vote-huge campaigns- voted him out
Mothers of the plaza de mayo
-Mothers go with photos of disappeared every week
Sites of memory
- Power of establishment of memorial
- Who is creating it? Where?
Panorama of Latin American Drug war
- Coca leaves- for many many years, used as medicine, cultural part of society
- Sale and production of cocaine, cannabis, heroine
- Concentrated in andes region- colombia, peru, bolivia
- Mexico and Central America to US- primary pathway
- Drug consumption in SA low- has created a lot of violence- globally
Mexico
- World’s largest opium cultivator
- 95 percent of cocaine passes through mexico
- On-going low intensity and asymmetric war
- Many deaths associated with mexican war on drugs between govt and cartels
Femicides of Ciudad Juarez
- Institutional violence
- Sexual assault
- Police violence
- Cult
- US businessmen- factories on border with mexican women workers
- Lax control in capitalism- laissez faire policies
- Mass graves
Roberto Bolano 2666
Femicides- many pages of repitition
Narco corridos
Drug ballads from northern mexico Themes- smuggling, narco culture, immigration, narco luxury, bandits, revolucionary -Stratification of mexican society -Reappropriation -Local strongmen (caudillos)
Colombia
- Primarily of coca, opium, cannabis
- Violent and sophisticated drug trafficking
- Small trade, became evident that super lucrative, became super large
- Emergence of large cartels and pathways through caribbean and florida as major receptors of cocaine
- Assassination of Pablo Escobar- robinhood figure
Our lady of the assassins
Fenando Vallejo
- Young gay boys hired killers
- Young people vulnerable to drug culture
- Absense of law of christ
Botero
- Pablo escobar- giant figures
- Escobar had paintings, Botero fled
- Depiction of assassination, vulnerable
Narcos
- tells story of escobar becoming billionaire
- people in it/ directing it no colombian
- white US people save the city
Plan Colombia
- US funded FARC- revolutionary armed forces- fight guerillas
- Plan for peace, presperity and strengthening state
- Now part of homeland security
- Challenged by money laundering inherent in drug trafficing- panama papers
- El chapo drug lord escaping from mexican prison, contained in US Prison
Context for dictatorship
- Democratic openings intermingled with brutal dictatorships
- Economic instability- growth and recession
- Cold war- international and US pressure to reject socialism
