march 9

Question 1

K+/H+ pump in the membrane of specialized stomach cells

Answer 1

pumps protons into the stomach in exchange for K+ at the expense of atp hydrolysis,( generates acidic environment and releases heat)

Question 2

Gerd(gastroesophageal reflux disease)

Answer 2

K+/H+ pump is overactive or esophageal sphincter is weak

Question 3

Gerd medications

Answer 3

tums, histamine h2 receptor blockers, proton pump inhibitors

Question 4

proteolysis

Answer 4

activates inactive zymogens in order to allow proper folding of the enzyme(so they don’t break down proteins in cells they are made)

Question 5

proteolytic enzymes have different substrate specificiteis to

Answer 5

allow proteins to be cut into much smaller fragments rapidly

Question 6

transamination

Answer 6

putting amino group into glutamate

Question 7

oxidative deamination

Answer 7

cleave amino group off glutamate

Question 8

Nh4+ formed in peripheral tissues transported to liver as

Answer 8

alanine and glutamine

Question 9

precursors of urea

Answer 9

NH4+ Co2 aspartate

Question 10

link the urea cycle and citric acid cycle

Answer 10

asp and fumarate

Question 11

where is urea cycle

Answer 11

almost exclusively in liver
spans mitochondrion and cytosol
- enzymes are clustered

Question 12

ammoniatelic organisms

Answer 12

release ammonia directly

Question 13

uricotelic

Answer 13

purine metabolite, uric acid, slightly soluble in water

Question 14

sources of NH4+

Answer 14

dietary and body protein
kidney
amines
purine and pyrimidine catabolism