March Madness Flashcards by Bodil Loonen

when the speaker addresses an inanimate object
ex: Oh Solitude! “Death Be Not Proud” by J. Donne

apostrophe

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when a statement, a pair of words, or an idea are contrasting to each other (meant to bring emphasis to their differences or to show greater contrast)
ex: Love (thesis) and hate (antithesis)

antithesis

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deliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several verses, clauses, or paragraphs
ex: We shall fight on the beaches
We shall fight on the landing ground
We shall fight in the fields - W Churchill

anaphora

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brief reference to a person, place, things, or idea of historical, cultural, literary, or political significance

allusion

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rhythmically significant stress on a syllable within poetry; where the stressed syllables are in words and within longer lines of poetry
ex: shall I [ com pare [ thee to [ a sum [ mers day

accent

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line of poetry containing 12 syllables; usually written in iambic hexameter

alexandrine

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the repetition of the same sound (not letters) at the beginning of a sequence of words
ex: Peter Piper picked a pack of pickled peppers

alliteration

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a metrical foot consisting of a stressed syllable between two unstressed syllables U/U

amphibrach

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a metrical foot in poetry consisting of a short syllable enclosed by two long syllables
ex: full of joy /U/

amphimacer

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a metrical foot in poetry consisting of two unstressed syllables followed by one stressed syllable
ex: twas the night UU/

anapest

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a short speech or remark by which an actor directly addresses the audience but is not supposed to be heard by the other actors on stage
ex: Macbeth addressing the audience when Banquo is on stage

aside

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the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds
ex: Lake and Fate

assonance

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the use of descriptive language to create imagery that appeals to the sense of hearing
ex: lambs loud bleat, ledge crickets sing, swallows twitter - John Koats “To Autumn”

auditory images

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a narrative written in rhymed quatrains, repeated refrains, often sung
ex: “The Rime of an Ancient Mariner” by Samuel Coleridge

ballad

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unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter
ex: “one equal temper of heroic hearts/ Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will/ To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield” -Ulysses

blank verse

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a word or phrase that is not formal or literary, every day speaking that is used in a poem
ex: yall, gonna, wanna, don’t chicken out, go bananas

colloquialism

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highly intellectual metaphor- takes pause and thought to make/understand comparison
ex: His tears were newly minted coins
John Donne and metaphysic poetry love conceits

conceit

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poetry where the poet’s intent is conveyed by the graphic patterns of letter, words, or symbols

concrete poetry

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a figure of speech in which the same consonant repeats within a group of words
ex: strong and swing; peter piper picked a peck of pickled peppers

consonance

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a pair of successive rhyming lines, usually of same length
ex: Good night! Good night! Parting is suck a sweet sorrow / That I shall say good night till it be morrow

couplet

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Greek and Latin metrical foot consisting of a short syllable enclosed by two long syllables (aka amphimacer) /U/

cretic

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a metrical foot consisting of an accented syllable followed by two unaccented syllables
ex: The words poetry, basketball, strawberry, carefully, mannequin /UU

dactyl

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a line of verse composed of two feet

dimeter

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a harsh unpleasant combination of sounds, also used in the criticism of poetry (Greek for “bad sound”)
ex: brillig borogroves” and jugjub from Lewis Carroll’s “Jabberwocky”

cacaphony

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a pause or break in a line of a verse, marked with a double pipe symbol || ex: "To be, || or not to be" Hamlet by Shakespeare

caesura

Carpe Diem is Latin for "Seize the day" Poetry that exemplifies the fleeting nature of life and the need to embrace its pleasures ex: "To His Coy Mistress" by Andrew Marvell (Cavaller poetry embodies carpe diem theme)

carpe diem poetry

the effect of 'purification' of emotions achieved through tragic drama; coined by Aristotle ex: Romeo and Juliet when they kill themselves

catharsis

part of a poem that is repeated following each verse, can also be a phrase or series of lines repeated in a poem (or can be in Greek drama ex: Do not go gentle into that good night throughout the poem "Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night" by Dylan Thomas

chorus

a short story, comic, or verse typically in two rhyming couplets with lines of unequal lengths, normally referring to a famous historical person

clerihew

poems written in specific patterns, using meter, line length, and stanzas, often referred to as a free verse poem ex: haiku, limerick, ballad, sestina, sonnets, villanelles

closed form poetry

funeral song; a somber poem made after a death, usually shorter and more concise than elegies

Dirge/Monody

rhymes that occur at the very end of a poem; feminine rhyme (falling rhyme); rhyme ends on unaccented syllable

dying rhyme

aka onomatopoeia ex: snap crackle pop

echoic words

a poem of serious reflection, usually concerning death; mournful, speaker moves through stages of death (1. lament 2. praise/admiration 3. consolation/solace) ex: Walt Whitman's "When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom'd"

elegy

a line of poetry in which a sentence or phrase comes to a conclusion at the end of a line, expressed with strong punctuation (period, semicolon, ?, !, :) opposite of enjambment ex: Defining words is madness! March will bring me such sadness!

end stopped line

a continuation of a sentence or phrase from one poetic line to the next (opposite of end stopped line) ex: Defining words Is madness. March will bring me Much sadness.

enjambment

a long, narrative poem that accounts heroic tales and deeds of a legendary person, or group, often written in elevated language, style, and tone ex: The Odyssey by Homer

epic

a descriptive devise (adjective) that describes a person, place, or thing with characteristics that are more prominent and interesting than they are in reality (short poetic nickname) ex: Ivan the Terrible

epithet

a phrase written in memory of a person who has dies, especially on a tomb ex: "In loving memory" "rest in peace" "a life measured in memories"

epitaph

substitution of an inoffensive term for one considered to be too harsh ex: saying "passed away" instead of died

euphemism

pleasing and harmonious to the ear, achieved through use of vowel sounds in words of generally serene imagery, create a melody when read aloud (long vowel sounds, liquid consonants l and r, semi vowels w and y) ex: leisure, eerie, ethereal

euphony

aka slant rhyme, half rhyme, off rhyme, imperfect rhyme, near rhyme; words that are spelled very similarly but pronounced differently ex: love and move

eye rhyme

rhyming pattern in which an unstressed syllable always follows a stressed syllable ex: Jack and Jill went up the hill /U

falling rhyme

also called a double rhyme, a rhyme involving two syllables; the term can also be applied to triple rhymes, or rhymes involving three syllables ex: Motion and ocean or willow and billow

feminine rhyme

a figure of speech comparing two things using like or as ex: he is as fast as a cheetah

similie

the attribution of a personal nature of human characteristics to something nonhuman ex: the sun smiled down at us

personification

a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable ex: I'm on fire right now

metaphor

a metaphor that extends beyond one line ex: You're a snake! Everything you hiss out of your mouth is a lie. You frighten children, and you have no spine.

extended metaphor

a metaphor that is sustained throughout an entire work ex: "Life is a Highway" by Rascal Flatts

sustained metaphor

basic unit of measurement in verse/poetry

foot

nonmetrical nonrhyming lines that closely follow the natural rhythms of speech ex: "The Red Wheelbarrow" by William Carlos Williams "so much depends / upon / a red wheel / barrow / glazed with rain / water / beside the white / chicken

free verse

when the final consonant sounds of stressed syllables rhyme, but the final vowel sounds do not (aka slant rhyme, near rhyme, imperfect rhyme, eye rhyme, off rhyme) ex: love and move

half rhyme

when the two words which rhyme end in an accent syllable (masculine ending rhyme) ex: Jill and hill from the rhyme "Jack and Jill Went Up the Hill"

heavy stress rhyme

a metrical line of verses consisting of six feet (more common in Greek/Latin lit)

hexameter

a figure of speech composed of striking exaggeration ex: I'm so hungry I could eat a horse

hyperbole

a metrical foot consisting of an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable ex: amuse (a=unaccented syllable) (muse=accented syllable) U/

iamb

a poem that describes an ideal life of rural living compared to the complexity of city life (pastoral) ex: "The Passionate Shepherd to His Love"

idyll/eclogue

a single syllable that does not fit into the order of a stressed line of poetry

imperfect foot

an internal rhyme included two words in the same line that rhyme ex: there is fun to be done

internal rhyme

when poets mix up the words in their sentence to satisfy rhyme or rhythm ex: Never again will you do that

inversion

a poem that uses the rhyme scheme of AABBA ex: "Hickory dickory dock/The mouse ran up the clock/The clock struck one/The mouse did run/hickory dickory dock"

limerick

verse or poem that can be sung to an accompaniment, with expressing intense personal emotion in a manner suggestive of a song (elegies, odes, and sonnets)

lyric

in verse, a rhyme that occurs only in stressed final syllables ex: claims, flames, or rare, despair

masculine rhyme

hidden complex ideas and paradoxes that blend emotion and intellectual ingenuity, and forced juxtaposition of apparently unconnected ideas that tend to startle the reader when realized

metaphysical conceit

systematically arranged and measure rhythm in verse or a fixed metrical pattern, or verse form

meter

a line of verse consisting of eight metrical feet, or 16 syllables ex: "Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary" - "The Raven" by Edgar Allen Poe

octameter

an eight line stanza or poem ex: first eight lines of Petrarchan sonnet is an octave "How Do I Love Thee"

octave

poem that celebrates a person, place, thing or idea (pays tribute to a subject)

ode

rhyming of ending consonant sounds; also known as slant or half rhyme ex: move and love

off rhyme

author's appeal to smell

olfactory imagery

sound words ex: "whoooooshhh" "hisssss"

onomatopoeia

the exaggeration or strong expression of something in order to emphasize importance or effect (hyperbole)

overstatement

a figure of speech which brings together contradictory terms in order to create effect ex: deafening silence

oxymoron

two seemingly contradictory statements or words which, upon further examination, present some truth ex: I can resist anything but temptation- Oscar Wilde

paradox

the use of similar words, clauses, phrases, or other grammatical forms in repetition ex: "I love thee freely, as men strive for right. / I love thee purely, as they turn from praise." ("How Do I Love Thee" Elizabeth Barrett Browning)

parallelism

a line made up of five groups of stressed and unstressed syllables (mostly known in Shakespearean works) ex: "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day." (Romeo and Juliet)

pentameter

the person who is understood to be speaking, the persona is distinct from the author and is chosen by the author for a specific purpose ex: In My Last Duchess, Robert Browning uses persona to create the speaker, the duke

persona/speaker

a work in prose that has some technical or literary elements of a poem set on a page as a prose (ordinary language) ex: After the War by Heidi Howell

prose poem

a play on words, a figure of speech that rely on word play ex: Denial is a river in Egypt

pun

a metrical foot used in formal poetry, it consists of two unaccented, short syllables UU

pyrrhic

four line stanza

quatrain

a question asked for the sake of persuasive effect rather than as a request for information ex: "If you prick us, do we not bleed? If you tickle us, do we not laugh? If you poison us, do we not die?" -Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare

rhetorical question

the repetition of a similar sound between words or the ending of words, often at the end of verse lines of strains

rhyme

the pattern that the rhyme endings are arranged in a poem ex: aabba, abab, aabbcc, abab cdcd efef gg

rhyme scheme

Greek "rhythmos" = measured motion; the arrangement of sounds to create stressed and unstressed intervals ex: iambic rhythm has alternating unstressed then stressed syllables

rhythm

a rhythmic effect where the unstressed syllables are perceived as linked to the stressed syllables or when the stressed syllables fall on the last syllable U/

rising rhythm

french for "little circle"; an octosyllabic between 10-15 lines and three stanzas ex: "In Flanders Fields" by John McCrae

rondeau

analysis of metrical patterns in a poem by grouping lines, metrical feet, and individual syllables ex: "Annabel Lee" by Edgar Allen Poe

scansion

a poem with six stanzas of six lines with a final triplet, each stanzas has the same six words at line ends in six different sequences

sestina

a rhyme where two words are spelled similarly but pronounced differently (eye rhyme) ex: love and move

slight rhyme

two words that have only their final consonant sounds and no preceding vowel or consonant sounds ex: love and move

slant rhyme

metrical foot consisting of two long or stressed syllables occurring together ex: green grow | the rush (Robert Burns) //

spondee

a poem form consisting of 14 lines written in iambic pentameter

sonnet

sonnet of 14 lines group into three stanzas of four lines each and two lines of verse with rhyme scheme abab cdcd efef gg

shakespearean sonnet

sonnet of 14 lines divided into eight line stanza (octave) rhyming abbaabba and the last six lines (sestet) end in a variable rhyme scheme

petrarchan sonnet

three quatrains and a couplet, rhyme scheme should be abab bcbc cdcd ee (looks same as Shakespearean but sounds differently)

spenserian sonnet

a division of a poem consisting of two or more lines arranged together as a unit; two-line stanzas are couplets, three-lines are tercets, four-lines are quatrains

stanza

an object, person, situation, or action that has a literal meaning in a story but suggests or represents other meanings ex: a heart symbolizes love

symbol

a common figure of speech or trope by which something is referred to indirectly by naming only some part or some constituent of it (something stands for whole) ex: many hands make light work

synecdoche

a rhetorical device that describes or associates one sense in terms of another, most often in the form of a simile; sensations of touch, taste, see, hear, and smell are expressed as being intertwined or having a connection between them ex: a cold gaze, not literally being a low temperature but rather a sinister glare

synesthesia

used to describe something by focusing on aspects that can be felt or touched; describes what you can physically feel, such as temp, movement, texture, etc ex: a gust of cold air blew over her, causing her body to shiver

tactile image

a stanza of three lines, a triplet, in which each ends in the same rhyme

tercet

a poem with three line stanzas with rhyme scheme aba bcb cdc ded and son on ex: Shelley's Ode to the West Wind

terza rima

one line consisting of four feet ex: A tree that may in summers wear

tetrameter

a literary device with a figurative meaning, that the purpose of is easily recognized and understood (irony, metaphors, synecdoche, metonymy) ex: "stop and smell the roses"

trope

french for "free verse" basic metrical unit in the poem is the phrase rather than a line of a fixed number of syllables, length of lines vary and rhyme is optional ex: "The Red Wheelbarrow" by William Carlos Williams

vers libre

five three-line stanzas and a final quatrain ex: "Do Not Go Gentle into that Goodnight" by Dylan Thomas

villanelle

a written poem that creates a visual image that relates to its meaning

visual poetry

a figure of speech when a speaker makes the situation seem less important or severe than what it is ex: In the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, Mercurio says when he is stabbed, "Ay, ay, a scratch, a scratch"

understatement

March Madness Flashcards

(109 cards)