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Flashcards in March on Rome & Fascists Gaining Power Deck (26)
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1
Q

When were decisions made at PNF on March on Rome

A

October 1922 meeting

2
Q

Who was the MoR an effort to appease

A

radicals within party who wanted a coup d’etat

3
Q

When did the Fascists decide they would seize northern / central areas under PNF control

A

October 27th

4
Q

Whose government tried to persuade the King to adopt martial law

A

Facta

5
Q

When the King refused to adopt martial law what was he doing

A
  • allowing Fascist’s to continue march

- breaching constitutional convention

6
Q

Name X4 reasons King Emmanuel was reluctant to adopt martial law

A
  1. doubt in parliamentary regime
  2. questioning of army’s willingness (many ex-soldiers)
  3. inaccurate info about army’s capability
  4. wanted to avoid civil war
7
Q

Who did the King ask to set up a new government after Facta resigned

A

Salandra

8
Q

Why was Salandra unable to form a new government

A

Mussolini refused to join Salandra’s government or any where he was not PM

9
Q

when did King Emmanuel appoint Mussolini as PM

A

30th October 1922

10
Q

Who suggested Mussolini to the King to thwart Giolitti

A

Salandra

11
Q

Mussolini’s first coalition contained how many fascists as senior ministers

A

4/14

12
Q

Name X5 obstacles preventing Mussolini from achieving total power;

A
  • other parties
  • PNF doesn’t have majority
  • trade unions
  • democratic elections
  • King supported by army
13
Q

When did Mussolini demand the right to rule by decree

A

November 1922

14
Q

Who supported Mussolini in his demand to rule by decree

A

prominent liberals e.g Giolitti / Salandra

15
Q

Who opposed Mussolini in his demand to rule by decree

A

Socialists / Communists

16
Q

What X2 ministerial positions did Mussolini occupy

A

Control of Foreign Ministry + Ministry of Interior

17
Q

How did Mussolini gain strength in parliament via appointments

A

appointed fascists to prominent government positions

18
Q

Give an example of an appointment Mussolini made that put a Fascist in an important position

A

Bono - Head of police

Stefani - Finance Minister

19
Q

What did Mussolini create to bring ras into more disciplined framework?

A

Grand Council of Fascism

20
Q

What is the term for squadristi who demand full-scale Fascist takeover?

A

intransigents

21
Q

What did the Grand Council of Fascism allow Mussolini to do

A

make all appointments to the council - meaning he could manipulate Fascist policy

22
Q

What did Mussolini do to appease the intransigents

A

Unify squadristi into national fascist militia (MSVN)

23
Q

Acronym for the national fascist militia

A

MSVN

24
Q

What was the MSVN made out of

A

30,000 men

State funded - full-time army

25
Q

When did Mussolini form the GCOF

A

December 1922

26
Q

What was the name of Mussolini’s personal bodyguard

A

Cheka