Marine algae and plants

Question 1

Seaweed can be found in what colours ?

Answer 1

Green red and browns

Question 2

What effects the distribution do seaweed along the coast ?

Answer 2

Light availability and quality

- this affects the horizontal and vertical distribution of seaweed

Question 3

If the water is clearer what can light do ?

Answer 3

Go deeper and effect the growth of seaweed

Question 4

What do chloroplasts and chlorophyll do?

Answer 4

Help absorb light and have accessory pigments to use other waves of light to help with photosynthesis

Question 5

Does temperature effect sea weed distribution?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

How does temp affect seaweed distribution in tropical waters ?

Answer 6

The diversity is grester

Question 7

Will all seaweed survive through winter ?

Answer 7

Parts of seaweed will survive winter and in spring it grows again

Question 8

What kills seaweed (temp) ?

Answer 8

Too high to too low temperature

Question 9

What affects seaweed distribution list?

Answer 9

Temp
Light
Depth

Question 10

Explain how depth affects seaweed distribution?

Answer 10

Depth

- biotic and abiotic factors

Question 11

What’s The important anatomical structures of seaweed ?

Answer 11

Thallus ? - body of the seaweed
Frond/blade - flat part
Hold fast - attachment point
Stipe - stem like region

Question 12

Do all seaweed have a stipe ?

Answer 12

No

Question 13

What parts of the seaweed is Made of photosynthetic cells ?

Answer 13

The thallus - body

Question 14

What is the air bladder in seaweed for ?

Answer 14

Boyency , helps it float to maximise photosynthesis

Question 15

Does seaweed have a vascular system ?

Answer 15

No

Question 16

What’s the vascular tissue in plants called. ?

Answer 16

Xylem and phloem

Question 17

What are the 3 groups of seaweed ?

Answer 17

Green, brown and red algae

Question 18

How much do the sea floor is seaweed ?

Answer 18

2%

Question 19

Where can seaweed grow not all plants can ?

Answer 19

It can grow on artificial surfaces

Question 20

How many types of green algae are there ?

Answer 20

Over 7000

Question 21

How much green algae is marine ?

Answer 21

700 types

Question 22

What’s the primary pigment of green algae ?

Answer 22

Chlorophyll A and B

Question 23

Where are green algae used ?

Answer 23

They are used in food, something for life stock, fertilisers and in some waste water treatments

Question 24

What type of traits can an organism have ?

Answer 24

Derived or ancestorial

Question 25

What an invasive species ?

Answer 25

Anything that is introduced and has a lack of predators

Question 26

What animal is bad for the Maine environment. ?

Answer 26

Green crabs

Question 27

What are dangers of invasive species ?

Answer 27

``` Lack of predators Exploitation fo resources Environmental harm Economic harm ( fishing etc ) Impact human health ```

Question 28

Invasive can be both ok and bad for the ecosystem ? True or false ?

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Periwinkle snail has a ___ effect ?

Answer 29

Neutral

Question 30

Green fleece is what type of algae ?

Answer 30

Green

Question 31

Green fleece is from where ?

Answer 31

Japan

Question 32

What’s an invasive green algae ?

Answer 32

green fleece

Question 33

Name other coenocytic green algae ?

Answer 33

Valois and caulerpa ( don’t need to know )

Question 34

What type of algae is halimeda ?

Answer 34

A soemthing algae , incorporates calcium carbonate.

Question 35

Halimeda main weight is formed from ?

Answer 35

Calcium carbonate

Question 36

Where is halimeda found ?

Answer 36

On coral

Question 37

How many brown algae marine species are there ?

Answer 37

1500

Question 38

What’s the dominant algae in colder rock coast ?

Answer 38

Brown algae

Question 39

What chlorophyll does brown algae have ?

Answer 39

Chlorophyll A and C

Question 40

What’s the accessory pigment of brown alga ?

Answer 40

Fuco xanthin

Question 41

What’s the largest and most complex algae ?

Answer 41

Kelp

Question 42

What’s the use of brown algae ?

Answer 42

Isolating algin Used for agar Thickening agent in foods

Question 43

Knotted wrack is found around where ?

Answer 43

Maine, sheltered areas ( lack of wave action )

Question 44

What do air bladders help with ?

Answer 44

Flotation ?

Question 45

What affects the distribution of knotted wrack ?

Answer 45

Wave exposure Drying out ( from air ) Freezing

Question 46

Why’s rock weed ok around wave action ?

Answer 46

Shorter , less surface area to get hit and pulled

Question 47

Kelp is found on the east coast up until ?

Answer 47

New jersey

Question 48

Where is kelp generally found ?

Answer 48

In cold water where the bottom is hard, on the continental shelf

Question 49

What are ocean gyres ?

Answer 49

Large system of circular ocean current it involves global wind patterns

Question 50

What organism follows ocean gyres ?

Answer 50

Sea turtles

Question 51

Why are these circle patterns good ?

Answer 51

They mix and transport nutrients all around the world. Debri from earthquake in Japan was found in west coast of the usa because of ocean gyra.

Question 52

What’s the largest seaweed ?

Answer 52

Kelps

Question 53

What’s a frond ?

Answer 53

Body of seaweed

Question 54

Kelp in California gets how long ?

Answer 54

100m long

Question 55

Kelp can grow how much in a day ?

Answer 55

50cm

Question 56

Kelp had the highest growth rate for any primary producer . True or false ?

Answer 56

True

Question 57

With kelp what do the air bladders do ?

Answer 57

Help maintain position of the seaweed

Question 58

What gives kelp strength ?

Answer 58

The cell wall ???

Question 59

What does kelp have running down the middle ?

Answer 59

Specialised cells, called trumpet cells. They are specialised in kelp to help move sugars ( photosynthesis products ) to deport parts of the thallus

Question 60

What’s the kelps substitute for the vascular system ?

Answer 60

Trumpet cells

Question 61

How does kelp stay on a hard surface ?

Answer 61

Kelp had holdfast which is sturdy and has a strong attachment point

Question 62

What’s a kelp forest ?

Answer 62

Group of kelp, pretty in pacific

Question 63

Larger kelp dominate what?

Answer 63

The pacific

Question 64

Kelp communities are very ____ and support what ?

Answer 64

Complex and provides food for over 200 species of marine organisms

Question 65

What does kelp Forrest do ?

Answer 65

Provide cover for organisms | Help them camouflage

Question 66

What does urchin do ?

Answer 66

Kills the kelp

Question 67

What is the structure of coenocytic algae?

Answer 67

A single cell/few large celled thallus containing more than one nucleus surrounding a central vacuole enclosed in a cell wall.

Question 68

What are the most diverse group of marine algae?

Answer 68

Red

Question 69

Where is red algae located?

Answer 69

Lower intertidal

Question 70

Where can the deepest of red algae be found?

Answer 70

up to 200m of clear water.

Question 71

What are red algae's primary pigments?

Answer 71

Chlorophylls a and d

Question 72

What are red algae's accessory pigment?

Answer 72

phycobillin

Question 73

What is the term for organisms that grow on other organisms?

Answer 73

Epiphytes?

Question 74

Are red algae's parasitic?

Answer 74

Yes, on some other red algae.

Question 75

What is a human use for red algae?

Answer 75

food thickener.

Question 76

What are differences between plants and algae?

Answer 76

Entire algae organisms is photosynthetic whereas plants are only a part, the entire organism absorbs co(2) and minerals.

Question 77

What is an example of a sea grass community?

Answer 77

Eel grass, paddle grass e.g.

Question 78

What is the deepest sea grass?

Answer 78

Paddle Grass

Question 79

Are pipefish sea grass?

Answer 79

No, they are predators that look like sea grasses.

Question 80

Will eating the leaves of seagrass kill it?

Answer 80

No, as long as the roots remain intact they will regrow

Question 81

Why are declining seagrass communities a problem?

Answer 81

There are fewer nurseries for juvenile fish, so there are less adult fish.

Question 82

What are examples of marine flowering plants?

Answer 82

Sea grass, salt marshes