Marine Bio quiz 2 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Producer
An organism that can make its own food.
Consumer
An organism that depends on other living things for food.
Suspension / Filter Feeding
Capturing food by filtering out particles floating in water or drifting through air.
deposit feeding
take in detritus and sediment from deposits to extract usable organic matter
carnivorous feeding
Organisms directly capture and eat other animals. EATING OTHERS!!!
trophic level
each of several hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, comprising organisms that share the same function in the food chain and the same nutritional relationship to the primary sources of energy.
TL;DR Levels of the food chain or feeding stages
trophic cascade
indirect effects in a community that are initiated by a predator
Food Web
A community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains
Epifauna
Animals that live on the SURFACE of the substrate
Infauna
animals that BURROW in the substrate
INfauna = IN the ground
Nektobenthos
swim or crawl through water (close) above the seafloor
Meiofauna
Microscopic organisms living in between marine sediment particles. This category is defined by SIZE.
intertidal zone
The natural organization of of ecosystems relative to sea level
High Tide Zone
Relatively dry and is covered only by the highest high tides. Most organisms have a protective covering, biggest worry is desiccation (drying out).
Middle Tide Zone
Constant sea water, more soft animals, more biomass than high tidal zone. Biggest threat is completion for space
Low Tide Zone
has the most shit. Always submerged, abundance of algae (red) hide sea creatures. Threats include predation and wave energy
subtidal zone
the coastal life zone that remains underwater (below low tide)
Phylum Porifera
Sponges
Sedentary benthic animal
Simple - loose aggregative of cells (spicules for support)
Rely on the constant flow of water
Water enters through tiny pores (ostia) and exits through large, often volcanic pores (oscula).
Phylum Cnidaria
Jellies, Anemones, Corals
Radial symmetry
Mouth only (where waste also leaves, doubles as anus)
Tentacles with cnidocytes/nematocysts (stinging cells)
Mesoglea (acellular goo, squishy stuff)
Grab and sting
Phylum Ctenophora
Comb Jellies (annoying, confusing)
IMPOSTER jelly
Ciliary combs, little hairs that help locomotion (shiny cilia)
Two holes and no tentacles
Phylum Annelida
segmented worms
Phylum Mollusca
Snails, clams, muscles, octopuses, squids
Squishy, muscular body with mantle, head-foot, and visceral mass. Shell (in most)
Radula (rasping file-like tongue for feeding) in all except bivalves
subdivided by the NUMBER of shells, EX:
Class: Gastropoda: Used to have shells but lost to evolution. Evolved to take toxins from food. Bright colors to warn.
Class: Bivalvia: Two cells
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Crustacea (crabs and more hard guys)
Segmented body, internal and externally
paired, joined appendages
Exoskeleton made of chiton
Molting (to grow)
Phylum Echinodermata
radially symmetrical marine invertebrates including e.g. starfish and sea urchins and sea cucumbers
Tube feet ( water vascular system)
Calcium carbonate ossicles
Nerve Net (no brain)
