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MarPow > marine engines > Flashcards

marine engines Flashcards

1
Q
  • an engine that uses compression ignition
  • an engine that uses heavy fuel oil
  • an engine that does not use spark ignition
A

Diesel Engine

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2
Q

a constant temperature cycle (a cycle based on the Carnot theory) that would require much higher compression than what is needed for compression ignition

A

Diesel Engine

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3
Q
  • a constant temperature cycle (a cycle based on the Carnot theory) that would require much higher compression than what is needed for compression ignition proposed by _____________ in 1892
A

Rudolf Diesel

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4
Q

Who proposed the idea to compress the air so tightly that the temperature of the air would exceed that of combustion?

A

Rudolf Diesel

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5
Q
  • engine has four strokes in one combustion cycle
A

Four-Stroke Diesel Engine

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6
Q
  • where the air/fuel mixture is taken into the combustion chamber
A

Intake-Stroke

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7
Q
  • where the gases are squeezed by the momentum of the piston
A

Compression Stroke

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8
Q
  • where the spark plug fires and the gases are ignited
A

Power-Stroke

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9
Q
  • where the piston comes back up, pushing the spent gases out of the combustion chamber
A

Exhaust Stroke

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10
Q
  • Almost all automobiles and large motorcycles use ____________ engines
A

four-stroke

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11
Q
  • combines the intake and exhaust strokes into the power stroke from the four-stroke engine which requires only one stroke each of up and down to complete the cycle
A

Two-Stroke Diesel Engine

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12
Q
  • have fewer moving parts and shorter cycle which make them cheaper and able to run at high RPM
A

Two-Stroke Diesel Engine

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13
Q
  • unfortunately, also provide a lot more pollution because the lubricating oil gets mixed in with the fuel and air and gets burned and expelled
A

Two-Stroke Diesel Engine

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14
Q
  • a part of an engine in which combustion of an oil takes place
A

Cylinder Block

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15
Q
  • fitted on top of a cylinder block and its function is to seal the working end of a cylinder and not to permit entry and exit of gases on cover head valves of an engine
A

Cylinder Head

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16
Q
  • a shaft which transmits the power developed by an engine to the various parts of the vehicle
A

Crankshaft

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17
Q
  • connects piston to the cannon shaft and transmits the motion and thrust of piston to crank shaft
A

Connecting Rod

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18
Q
  • controls the opening and closing of valve at proper timing
    • placed at the top of bottom cylinder
A

Camshaft

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19
Q
  • used to control the inlet and exhaust of the internal combustion cylinder
A

Valves

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20
Q
  • placed in the cylinder and transmits thrust to the connecting rod
    • transmits power to the crankshaft
A

Piston

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21
Q
  • hardened steel parallel spindles fitted through the piston bosses and the end bushes or eyes to allow the connecting rods to swivel it
A

Gudgeon Pins

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22
Q
  • provides the good sealing fit and less friction resistance between piston and cylinder
A

Piston Ring

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23
Q
  • used in spark ignition engine
    • fitted on the cylinder head and used to ignite the air fuel mixture inside the cylinder at the end of each compression stroke
A

Spark Plug

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24
Q
  • usually used in compression ignition engine
    • sprays the fuel into comustion chamber at the end of compression stroke
A

Injector

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25
Q
  • its main function is to supply the air fuel mixture and collects the exhaust gases equally from all cylinders
A

Manifold

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26
Q
  • serves as the lubricating system
A

Crank Case

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27
Q
  • also called combustion turbine is a type of continuous combustion engine
  • used to power aircraft, trains ships, electrical generators, pumps gas compressors and tanks
  • accept most commercial fuel such as petro, natural gas, propane, diesel and kerosene as well as renewable fuel such as E85 biodiesel and biogas
A

Gas Turbine

28
Q

____________ usually consist of a single state radial compressor on a single stage radial turbine and a recuperator

A

Micro-turbine designs

29
Q

What are the Three Main Components of a Gas Turbine

A
  • an upstream rotating gas compressor
  • a downstream turbine on the same shaft
  • a combustion chamber or area called combustor in between 1 and 2 above

*A fourth component is often used to increase efficiency (turboprop, turbofan), to convert power into mechanical or electric form ( turboshaft, electric generator) or to accrue greater power to mass/ volume ratio (afterburner)

30
Q
  • basic operation of the gas turbine that uses air as the working fluid
A

Bryton Cycle

31
Q
  • a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft
  • its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Patron 1n 1884
  • because the turbine generates rotary motion, it is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical general
  • a form of heat engine that derives much of its thermodynamic efficiency from the use of multiple stages with the expression of the steam which results in a closer approach to the ideal reversible expansion process
A

Steam Turbine

32
Q
  • move entirely due to the impact of steam on them and their profiles do not converge
A

Blades

33
Q
  • a turbine composed of blades alternating with fixed nozzles
A

Impulsed Turbine/Curtis Turbine/Rateau Turbine/Brown-Curtis Turbine

34
Q
  • appear similar to blades but their profiles converge near the exit
A

Nozzles

35
Q
  • move due to both the impact of steam on them and the reaction due to the high velocity steam at the exit
A

Nozzles

36
Q
  • a turbine composed of moving nozzles
A

Parson’s Turbine

37
Q
  • a type of fan that transmits power by converting rotational motion into thrust
A

Propeller

38
Q
  • also known as a drive shaft or Cardan shaft
  • a mechanical component for transmitting torque and rotation usually used to connect other components of a drive train that cannot the connected directly because of distance or the need to allow for relative movement between them
  • carries the power from the engine, clutch and transmission unit to the driving wheels of vehicle through the fixed drive and different unit
A

Propeller Shaft

39
Q
  • consists of fixed blades
    • means that the position of blades cannot be changed
A
  • Fixed Pitch Propeller (FPP)
40
Q
  • can move its blades in the desired position by changing the pitch of the blade
A
  • Controllable or Variable Pitch Propeller (CPP)
41
Q
  • may be controlled from the bridge or from the engine room through piping inside a hollow propulsion shaft to the propeller hub
A
  • Controllable Pitch Propeller
42
Q
  • used to apply the actuating force required to change the position, or angle of the pitch of the propeller blades
A
  • Hydraulic or mechanical controls
43
Q
  • its main objective is to actively control the thruster needed for propulsion/ heading of the vessel given by operator command or heading/positioning from an external Autopilot or DP system
    • develops controlled thrust development that counteracts process disturbances that are subjected to a vessel like forces from wind waves and sea current as well as own generated forces from the propulsion system and enables the vessel to remain stationary relative to the sea bed position or to a defined course
    • built around an advanced control algorithm
A
  • Thruster Control System
44
Q
  • computed to determine the theoretical thrust necessary to counteract forces created by thruster disturbances and a correction algorithm is built in for any deviation in vessel heading
A
  • Vessel Dynamics
45
Q
  • a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated externally by the fire
A

Water-Tube Boiler

46
Q
  • Fuel is burned inside the ________, creating hot gas which heats water in the steam-generating tubes
A

furnace

47
Q
  • additional generating tubes are separate in the furnace
A

Smaller Boilers

48
Q
  • rely on the water-filled tubes that make up the walls of the furnace to generate steam
A

Larger Utility Boilers

49
Q
  • defined as steam that is heated above the boiling point at a given pressure
    - a dry gas and therefore used to drive turbines, since water droplets can severely damage turbine blades
A

Superheated Steam

50
Q
  • a type of boiler in which hot gases pass from a fire through one or (many) more tubes running through a sealed container of water
  • developed as the third of the four major historical types of boilers
    • low-pressure tank or “haystack” boilers
    • flued boilers with one or two large flues
    • fire-tube boilers with many small tubes, and high-pressure water-tube boilers
  • their advantage over flued boilers with a single large flue is that the many small tubes offer far greater heating surface area for the same overall boiler volume
  • used on virtually all steam locomotives in the horizontal “locomotive” form
  • has a cylindrical barrel containing the fire tubes, but also has an extension at one end to house the “firebox”
    • This firebox has an open base to provide a large grate area and often extends beyond the cylindrical barrel to form a rectangular or tapered enclosure.
A

Fire-Tube Boiler

51
Q
  • also typical of marine applications, using the Scotch boiler
  • these boilers are commonly referred to as “scotch-marine” or “marine” type boilers
A

Horizontal Fire-Tube Boiler

52
Q
  • have also been built of the multiple fire-tube type, although these are comparatively rare
  • most of these boilers were either flued, or with cross water-tubes
A

Vertical Boilers

53
Q
  • designed to purify water cheaply, quickly and effectively
    • To distill water, all you really need is a heat source and a condenser
    • Since water has a lower boiling point than contaminants and minerals like salt, bacteria, heavy metals, calcium and phosphorus, when you boil untreated water, the water turns into vapor and leaves everything else behind
    • The heat should not be much higher than the minimum temperature required to boil the water throughout the process because a higher temperature may cause undesirable elements in the water to also vaporize
    • The water vapor is routed through the condensing coil where reverts back to liquid form while the undesirable elements stay in the boiling tank
A

Water Distillation

54
Q
  • the partial or total vaporization that occurs when a saturated liquid stream undergoes a reduction in pressure by passing through a throttling valve or other throttling device
  • this process is one of the simplest unit operations
A

Flash Evaporation

55
Q
  • involves the removal of contaminants from raw water to produce water that is pure enough for human consumption without any short term or long term risk of any adverse health effect
  • substances that are removed during this process include suspended solids, bacteria, algae, viruses, fungi, and minerals such as iron and manganese
A

Treatment for Drinking Water

56
Q

A combination selected from the following processes is used for municipal drinking water treatment worldwide

A

Processes of Water Treatment

57
Q
  • for algae control and arresting biological growth
A
  • Pre-chlorination
58
Q
  • for removal of dissolved iron when present with small amounts relatively of manganese
A
  • Aeration along with pre-chlorination
59
Q
  • for flocculation or slow-sand filtration
A
  • Coagulation
60
Q
  • also known as polyelectrolytes
    • to improve coagulation and for more robust floc formation
A
  • Coagulant aids
61
Q
  • for solids separation that is the removal of suspended solids trapped in the floc
A
  • Sedimentation
62
Q
  • to remove particles from water either by passage through a sand bed that can be washed and reused or by passage through a purpose designed filter that may be washable
A
  • Filtration
63
Q
  • for killing bacteria viruses and other pathogens
A

Disinfection

64
Q
  • includes physical, biological and sometimes chemical processes to remove pollutants
  • its aim is to produce an environmentally safe sewage water, called effluent, and a solid waste, called sludge or biosolids, suitable for disposal or reuse
A

Sewage Water Treatment

65
Q
  • can be treated close to where it is created (in septic tanks and their associated drainfields or sewage treatment plants), or collected and transported via a network of pipes and pump stations to a municipal treatment plant
A

Sewage

MarPow (6 decks)

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