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marine biology tests > Marine test 1 > Flashcards

Marine test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is salinity?

A

the amount of salt in the water

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2
Q

how much salt per litre does oceanic water have?

A

35g/L

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3
Q

what percentage of all ocean waters contain salt concentrations of 35/L?

A

75%

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4
Q

solvent properties of water?

A

water has an enormous ability to dissolve substances because of its polar nature. This allows salts from the land and ocean floor to dissolve

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5
Q

what is heat capacity?

A

the ability of water to resist temperature change

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6
Q

heat is a measure of what?

A

molecular motion

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7
Q

water has great resistance to change, what about salt water?

A

same ability but less

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8
Q

what would happen to the molecules if the water temperature rose?

A

molecules would need to move faster but the hydrogen bonds resist this so it would keep seawater at a relatively constant temperature

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9
Q

what is the latent heat of fusion?

A

the heat required for either melting or forming ice

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10
Q

what is the latent heat of vaporization?

A

the heat released when water evaporates. Heat is continuously being absorbed by the oceans, but they do not get hotter.

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11
Q

why do oceans absorb the heat being evaporated?

A

This is because heat is released as the hydrogen bonds break allowing water molecules to vaporize into the atmosphere . It is much greater than that of fusion and marine animals make use of this cool down

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12
Q

what is density?

A

the mass per unit volume

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13
Q

what is mass measured in?

A

grams and volume in cubic meters (cm3) mass/volume

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14
Q

what happens if the density is less than 1?

A

it will float

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15
Q

what happens if the density is more than 1?

A

it will sink

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16
Q

what is the relative density of a substance?

A

the ratio of the density of that substance, to the density of pure water

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17
Q

What’s the density if the water is saltier?

A

the density is higher

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18
Q

What’s the density if the water is colder?

A

the density is higher

19
Q

what is viscosity?

A

the resistance of a liquid flowing through or passing an object

20
Q

what is the flow of high viscosity?

A

slow flow

21
Q

what is the flow of low viscosity

A

fast flow

22
Q

is water denser than air? if so how many times denser

A

800 times

23
Q

what is buoyancy?

A

the ability or tendency to float

24
Q

which has a greater upthrust of buoyancy? Sea water or fresh water? why?

A

seawater, because salt water is higher in density

25
Q

what is hydrostatic pressure?

A

the water pressure in the waters of the oceans

26
Q

what is atmospheric pressure?

A

the water pressure found in the air around the earth

27
Q

surface=?

A

1 atmosphere

28
Q

10m below=?

A

2 atmospheres

29
Q

what is surface tension?

A

the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink in a minimum surface area as possible

30
Q

why does the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink in a minimum surface area?

A

this is due to cohesion (sticks to itself) and adhesion (sticks to other objects)

31
Q

why are the gases dissolved in the sea important?

A

important for respiration and photosynthesis

32
Q

what are the two major gasses involved in these chemical reactions?

A

carbon dioxide and oxygen

33
Q

how is turbulence affected in dissolved gases?

A

more movement of water (waves and streams), the more oxygen can dissolve

34
Q

how is temperature affected in dissolved gasses?

A

increases temperatures cause a decrease in the ability to dissolve gas

35
Q

how is salinity affected by dissolved gasses?

A

lower salinity, greater amount of dissolved gases

36
Q

how is pressure affected in dissolved gasses?

A

deep water which has a high pressure holds more gas than shallow water

37
Q

what is the photic zone?

A

is the zone or depth to which light penetrates in the seas and is the zone where sea plants live.

38
Q

what happens to depth if the wavelength is shorter

A

greater depth

39
Q

how long is the greatest penetration?

A

420nm wavelength

40
Q

red is what length of the wavelength

A

the longest

41
Q

violet is what length of the wavelength

A

the shortest

42
Q

oceans have what two types of water? describe

A

blue water: surface water contains little minerals so has little plant life

green waters: contains large concentrations of ions, causes abundant plant growth which attracts a number of animals.

43
Q

sounds travels how many times faster in water than in air?

A

4 times faster, so vibrations are more easily detected.

marine biology tests (1 decks)

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