Marketing Information Systems Flashcards
(102 cards)
1
Q
transaction processing - step 1 data entry
A
a cashier scanning a barcode at the checkout
2
Q
transaction processing - step 2 - transaction processing
A
the price of the scanned item is retrieved and multiplied by the quantity.
3
Q
transaction processing - step 3 - data storage
A
the sale is recorded in the sales database ( inventory is updated )
4
Q
transaction processing - step 4 document and report generation
A
a printed receipt is given to the consumer
5
Q
transaction processing - step 5 - query support
A
a manager queries the system to see how units of a product were sold today
6
Q
the 4 components of an info system - hardware
A
the physical technology and equipment used to store data (computers, servers , scanners )
7
Q
the 4 components of an info system - software
A
the programmes and application that tell the hardware what to do ( windows , excel )
8
Q
the 4 components of an info system - people
A
the users who interact with the info systems (IT staff)
9
Q
the 4 components of an info system - data
A
the raw facts and figuers that are processed into useful information (sales figures , customer names)
10
Q
what is the internet of things
A
a network of uniquely identifiable “things” that communicate without human intervention using IP connectivity
11
Q
How does Internet of Things work ?
A
gathers data from sensors embedded in IoT devices, that’s then transmitted through an IoT gateway
- transport- leap cards, pay and park
- retailing - loyalty cards, club cards
- supply chain - distribution channels
- smart cites - connect infrastructure, services + systems
- health + fitness - smart watches tracking heart rate
12
Q
web design - what is Notepad++ and Dreamweaver used for ?
A
can be used for editing many types of file while Dreamweaver is used for the creation and authoring of web pages and related objects (style sheets)
13
Q
web design - what are stylesheets
A
stylesheets can be used to split the screen and bringing design to the page with colour and font size
14
Q
what is the homepage ?
A
the navigation hub (links, menus), information overview
15
Q
what is the hyperlink ?
A
used to transport the user from one document to another on a website or between websites
16
Q
OSI model layers 1. physical
A
transmits raw bits over the physical medium ( the Wi-Fi signal )
17
Q
OSI model layers 2. data link layer
A
communication between devices on the same network ( computer sends data to router)
18
Q
OSI model layers 3. network
A
how data is sent to the receiving device ( how requests reach the web server)
19
Q
OSI model layers 4. transport
A
ensures delivery of data
20
Q
OSI model layers 5. session
A
connections between two computers. establishes , maintains and terminates connections ( staying connected )
21
Q
OSI model layers 6. presentation
A
translates data between the application and the network (data encryption, compression + translation
22
Q
OSI model layers 7. application
A
interfaces with end user (email, file , browsing )
23
Q
what is cloud computing ?
A
the delivery of computing servers like databases, software and analytics. this allows users to access and store data or run applications
example - SaaS ( software as a service) - gmail , word
24
Q
an IF statement on a spreadsheet is used for ______
?
A
making a choice between two alternatives
25
an item for sale in a supermarket is _____ ?
data
26
in a bin collection database, a table for collections has been created : Collection ID, Collection Date, Weight, Customer ID. which is the primary key ?
collection ID
27
what is a style sheet used for ?
to combine all the formatting for the site in one document
28
what would be used to keep track of stock ?
supply chain management system
29
the internet of things is used for what ?
leap cards, tolls, real time bus info
29
what is the primary key in a table in a database is used to do ?
identify all details in that table
30
what's the layer for the OSI model for networks that allows the user to interact with a device ?
application
31
What are the five basic components of a telecommunications network model?
* Terminals
* Telecommunication processors
* Telecommunications channels
* Computers
* Telecommunications control software
## Footnote
These components work together to facilitate data transmission and reception in a network.
32
Define terminals in the context of telecommunications networks.
Any input/output device that uses telecommunication networks to transmit or receive data.
## Footnote
Examples include computers and mobile phones.
33
What is the role of telecommunication processors?
Support data transmission and reception between terminals and computers.
## Footnote
They act as intermediaries in the communication process.
34
What are telecommunications channels?
The medium over which data are transmitted and received.
## Footnote
This can include various types of physical and wireless connections.
35
What function do computers serve in a telecommunications network?
Interconnected by telecommunications networks.
## Footnote
They process, store, and manage data transmitted over the network.
36
What is the purpose of telecommunications control software?
Control telecommunications activities & manage the functions of telecommunications networks.
## Footnote
This software ensures efficient and secure operation of the network.
37
Give an example of a network operation.
Logging into the college network, browsing the world wide web, accessing email, or using social networks like Facebook.
## Footnote
These activities illustrate practical applications of telecommunications networks.
38
What is a typical terminal for using Facebook?
Either a computer or a mobile phone.
## Footnote
These devices allow users to interact with the Facebook platform.
39
What identification is required to access Facebook?
A username (usually an email address) and a password.
## Footnote
These credentials are part of the telecommunications software that ensures user security.
40
True or false: Telecommunications channels and processors depend on the type of device the user has.
True.
## Footnote
Different devices may require different configurations of channels and processors.
41
What is the function of the first telecommunication processor when using a mobile phone?
A transmitter or receiver in the phone itself.
## Footnote
This is the initial point of data transmission from the mobile device.
42
Fill in the blank: The nearest mobile phone mast belongs to the user's _______.
[mobile provider].
## Footnote
This mast is crucial for connecting mobile devices to the network.
43
What happens once data reaches the computer belonging to the network provider?
A record is kept of the amount of data transferred.
## Footnote
This tracking is important for billing and service management.
44
What is the final destination of data in a telecommunications network like Facebook?
The computers where the user's data is stored.
## Footnote
This ensures that the data is accessible for future use by the user.
45
What does the Physical layer provide in the OSI model?
Physical transmission of binary data on telecommunications media
## Footnote
Includes cable/wireless connections like coaxial cable, fibre-optic cable, and twisted pair cable
46
What are the types of cables included in the Physical layer?
* Coaxial cable
* Fibre-optic cable
* Twisted pair cable (shielded and unshielded)
* Microwave technology
## Footnote
The Physical layer is the first layer of the OSI model and determines connection speed.
47
What is the role of the Data-link layer in the OSI model?
Supports error-free organization and transmission of data in the network
## Footnote
Protocols like Ethernet and Tokenring operate at this layer.
48
What devices are typically used at the Data-link layer?
* Network cards
* Modems
## Footnote
These devices help ensure data is transmitted without errors.
49
What is the main function of the Network layer?
Provides appropriate routing by establishing connections among network links
## Footnote
Utilizes packets for data transmission and uses IP addresses.
50
What is a packet in the context of the Network layer?
Parts that a message/file/document is broken down into
## Footnote
Allows for the use of addresses to track data transmission.
51
What hardware is used at the Network layer?
Router
## Footnote
Routers are responsible for directing packets across networks.
52
What does the Transport layer support?
Organization and transfer of data between nodes
## Footnote
Ensures that all data has arrived and manages sequencing of packets.
53
What is an example of a protocol at the Transport layer?
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
## Footnote
TCP manages data transmission and ensures completeness.
54
What is the Domain Name System (DNS)?
Facilitates the use of user-friendly addresses like www.dit.ie instead of IP addresses
## Footnote
DNS converts domain names into IP addresses.
55
What are the four steps in the Session layer?
* Creation of a session
* Sending packets back & forth
* Termination of a session
* Logging in and out
## Footnote
This layer manages user sessions in telecommunications.
56
What is the function of the Presentation layer?
Provides appropriate data transmission formats and codes
## Footnote
Converts different computer codes into a common format for comprehension.
57
Give examples of formats handled by the Presentation layer.
* ASCII for text
* MP3 for audio
* JPEG for pictures
## Footnote
These formats ensure compatibility across different systems.
58
What services does the Application layer provide?
Communications services for end user applications
## Footnote
Examples include email, web browsing, remote login, and file transfer.
59
What layers of the OSI model are collectively equivalent to the Application/Process layer of TCP/IP?
Session layer, Presentation layer, and Application layer
## Footnote
These layers handle user interface and data formatting.
60
When a request is made from a remote computer, through which layers does the data transmit?
From the Application layer down through all layers to the Physical layer
## Footnote
It then ascends to the Network layer at an intermediate point.
61
What is the definition of Big Data?
Big data is high velocity, high volume and high variety information assets that demand cost effective, innovative forms of information processing that enable insight, decision making and process automation.
## Footnote
Source - Gartner
62
What are the three V's of Big Data?
* Volume
* Velocity
* Variety
63
What does 'Volume' refer to in the context of Big Data?
Enormous amounts of data being generated, which can be structured or unstructured, and includes real-time data from sensors.
## Footnote
Examples include data from social media and the Internet of Things.
64
What does 'Velocity' mean in relation to Big Data?
The speed at which data is transferred and analyzed, particularly with real-time data collection.
## Footnote
Sensors from the Internet of Things contribute to high velocity.
65
What is meant by 'Variety' in Big Data?
The different types of data generated, including images, audio, video, and unstructured text.
## Footnote
Processing these varied data types can be challenging due to lack of structure.
66
Why is it difficult to process data types in Big Data?
Combining the three V's (Volume, Velocity, Variety) makes it challenging to track and process all data types.
67
How can a database help in managing data?
A database provides structure, regardless of the amount of data involved.
68
Is a large number of transactions in a bank considered Big Data? Why or why not?
No, because there is no variety; it is structured data that can be queried from one table.
69
What is a primary example of analyzing big data?
The web and how search engines impose structure on large amounts of unstructured data.
70
What are the three stages of data processing mentioned?
* Input
* Processing
* Output
71
Fill in the blank: Big data demands cost effective, innovative forms of information _______.
[processing]
72
What is the challenge of big data?
Imposing structure on enormous quantities of data for quick solutions
## Footnote
This involves categorizing and organizing data effectively to facilitate rapid searches and retrieval.
73
What analogy is used to explain the organization of big data?
A large building with loads of floors and no walls
## Footnote
This analogy illustrates the chaos of unstructured data and the need for a systematic approach to find specific information.
74
What role do computers play in handling big data?
Continuous processing to categorize and structure data
## Footnote
Computers are suited for managing large volumes of data generated at high speeds.
75
What technologies are involved in the processing of big data?
Artificial intelligence and statistical analysis
## Footnote
These technologies help in determining the best outcomes from the data processed.
76
What does the term 'business intelligence' (BI) refer to?
The use of data analysis to support business decisions
## Footnote
BI extends beyond spreadsheets and databases to include comprehensive data processing.
77
What is Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)?
A technology for data analysis that supports business intelligence
## Footnote
OLAP allows users to analyze data from multiple perspectives.
78
How does artificial intelligence contribute to decision making in big data?
By using algorithms that enable independent learning and quicker decision making
## Footnote
This allows businesses to respond rapidly to changing conditions.
79
What is machine learning?
A subset of artificial intelligence focused on pattern recognition in data
## Footnote
Machine learning algorithms are trained to identify patterns and improve over time.
80
What types of data are typically analyzed using machine learning?
* Video
* Social media content
* Audio sources
## Footnote
These data types provide rich information for pattern detection and analysis.
81
True or False: Most big data processing involves significant human intervention.
False
## Footnote
Most processing is done in real time with little or no human involvement.
82
Fill in the blank: The decisions made with big data technologies need to be made much _______.
quicker
## Footnote
The rapid generation of data necessitates faster decision-making processes.
83
What is the defining characteristic of cryptocurrencies regarding their operation?
Operate online only and have no physical counterpart
84
Do cryptocurrencies have a central operator?
No central operator such as a central bank
85
What is the term for the process of creating cryptocurrencies?
Mining
86
What technology facilitates the transfer of cryptocurrencies?
Blockchain
87
What is a unique feature of physical currency notes?
Each note has a unique serial number
88
What is the primary key in the blockchain for newly mined currency?
Unique serial number
89
What does each user of cryptocurrency possess to hold their funds?
Digital wallet
90
What happens to the serial number of the new owner during a cryptocurrency transfer?
Added to the previous serial number
91
How is each transaction in cryptocurrency unique?
Each transaction has a unique serial number
92
What is recorded online once a cryptocurrency transfer takes place?
Details entered on the blockchain
93
What is the computational process involved in mining cryptocurrency?
Complex mathematics and large amounts of computing power
94
Why is mining considered computationally intensive?
It uses a large amount of electricity and state of the art computing resources
95
In some countries, what is the legal status of cryptocurrency mining?
Illegal due to large amounts of computing power involved
96
When was Bitcoin created?
2009
97
What is the maximum number of bitcoins that can be mined?
21 million
98
What has been the trend of the exchange rate of Bitcoin with most currencies?
Quite volatile
99
What was the Bitcoin to euro exchange rate on February 7, 2025?
Around 93000 for 1 bitcoin
100
Fill in the blank: The process of creating cryptocurrency is called _______.
Mining
101
True or False: All cryptocurrencies are issued by a central bank.
False
