Marketisation + Privatisation

Question 1

marketisation + privatisation have their roots in…

Answer 1

neo-liberalism - economic approach that resources are more efficiently managed by private businesses

Question 2

neo-liberalism is a feature of…

Answer 2

the New Right approach to education

Question 3

The New Right argue to improve education parents should..

Answer 3

• have a choice in the schools they send kids to.
• should be consumers ‘shopping around’ for the right school

Question 4

why do TNR believe competition raises standards

Answer 4

best schools -> best exam results -> attracts new parents + students

Therefore schools aim to improve teaching -> exam results improve and appeal to parents -> students leave with better results

Question 5

the idea of marketisation was first introduced in the ____ ______ Act by the ______ government

Answer 5

• 1988 Education reform Act
• Conservative government

Question 6

give 2 examples of parents ‘shopping around’ for best school

Answer 6

• looking at Ofsted reports
  attending opening days

Question 7

define parentocracy

Answer 7

where parents have a say in the school their children attend

Question 8

what do TNR argue wc parents should do to get their children in the best schools?

Answer 8

they believe its the parents fault if they dont get their children into the best schools.
They should..
- take an interest in schools
- research schools
- be in paid work to afford transporting

Question 9

how do marxists critisise TNR

Answer 9

argue that parentocracy is a myth - only mc parents able to take advantage of greater choice

Question 10

the mc are able to pay for transport to send kids to better schools. what is this known as

Answer 10

mc have economic capital

Question 11

the wc cant afford transport to secure place in better schools. what is this known as

Answer 11

wc have material deprivation

Question 12

mc parents are confident talking to teachers + knows what Qs too ask to research the schools. this is known as..

Answer 12

mc have educational capital

Question 13

why may working class parents lack educational capital?

Answer 13

mainly speak in restricted code/dont share same mc habitus

Question 14

what are some troubles ethnic minority parents can face when trying to get their children to attend the best schools

Answer 14

dont speak english well -> struggle with application forms + understanding teachers -> cant ask the right questions/research school

speak restricted code -> embarrassed to talk to teachers who speak elaborated code

Question 15

what are League tables

Answer 15

where all exam results from schools are published

Question 16

name 2 things League tables encourage and how

Answer 16

• parentocracy - parents can make informed choices by comparing school success rates
• competition - schools compete for best exam results so theyre in a higher position -> new students will see their schools at the top and want to attend

Question 17

(ao3) league tables have led to… and created..

Answer 17

• cream-skimming + silt-shifting
• educational triage

Question 18

to reach the top of league tables, successful schools ‘cream-skim’. what does this mean

Answer 18

they select the best students (mc) to attend-> higher exam results

Question 19

what does ‘silt-shifted’ mean and who does this affect

Answer 19

• affect wc students
• dont offer them places, believe theyll do poor in exams + damage league table position

Question 20

what sociologist argues league tables have created educational triage

Answer 20

Gillborn + Youdell

Question 21

what is educational triage

Answer 21

where schools spend more time on students achieving Cs/Ds so they have more pass results
whilst ‘hopeless case’ students put in bottom sets + receive less attention

Question 22

educational triage reproduces…

Answer 22

reproduces social class inequalities

Question 23

what is formula funding

Answer 23

money schools receive for each student enrolled

Question 24

how does formula funding give schools an advantage and help them

Answer 24

schools can expand + improve with the money
-afford new facilities
- get better qualified teachers

Question 25

TNR claim formula funding will..

Answer 25

raise standards by force failing schools to improve otherwise theyll be closed down

Question 26

how does competition between schools make it harder for poorer schools

Answer 26

poorer schools continue to lack resources to improve due to formula funding -> cant improve the school as they dont receive money -> results in polarisation of schools

Question 27

what is polarisation of schools

Answer 27

high performing schools with mc students become more popular - under performing schools with wc students fail to attract new students + funding is reduced

Question 28

(ao3) formula funding increases...

Answer 28

educational inequalities

Question 29

give 2 examples of how academy schools have more freedom

Answer 29

- can change length of school day - set their own staff pay

Question 30

from what year did coalition government encourage state schools to become independent academies

Answer 30

2010

Question 31

what are successful schools that choose to become academies called and name a school as an example

Answer 31

- converter academies - e.g. the blue coat church of england school

Question 32

what are failing schools that are turned into academies called and name a school as an example

Answer 32

- sponsored academy - waterhead academy

Question 33

as academies arent controlled by local authorities, what are some concerns of this and give an example

Answer 33

- lack of oversights + checks - e.g. Trojan Horse scandal 2014 - fears of an islamic extremist takeover of academy schools in Birmingham

Question 34

define privatisation

Answer 34

private companies delivering services to state schools

Question 35

give 4 examples of private companies

Answer 35

- exam boards - careers advice - ICT services - supply agencies

Question 36

the conservative government claim privatisation will make education more..

Answer 36

efficient, cost effective and raise standards

Question 37

marxists argue that exam boards reproduce social class inequalities, why?

Answer 37

wc students suffer material deprivation -> cant afford remarks -> may lose out on a place at university mc student can use their economic capital -> greater chance of going to uni

Question 38

what are supply agencies

Answer 38

profit making business - charge schools £180 per day for supply teacher

Question 39

many schools (low on league tables) cant afford supply from supply agencies so they employ cover supervisors (cheaper). what issues does this cause for students?

Answer 39

cover supervisors are usually unqualified -> lack classroom management skills -> poor student behaviour -> under performing in exams. the teaching is also limited - they cover all subjects + arent subject specialists