Marketisation & privatisation - edu inequality Flashcards
(7 cards)
Parentocracy - David (1993)
E - David argues marketisation has created a system where parents are consumers and schools are competing for the business - raise standards by forcing schools to improve attracting students.
E - This gives parents more control over their childs education and increased educational inequality as MC parents will be more supportive.
E - Ball argues parentocracy is a myth meaning inequality in education is seen as fair and inevitable.
League tables & cream skinning - Bartlett (1993)
E - Bartlett argues the policy of publishing each schools exam results encourages silt shifting (good schools avoid taking less advantaged pupils to avoid poor results) and cream skinning meaning good schools can be more selective, choose own customers, recruit high achieving MC pupils.
E - This leads to polarized system where disadvantaged pupils are concentrated in lower performing schools, reinforcing inequality.
E - However, pull premium gives extra funding to school for every disadvantage student they take. This encourages those to support lower teething peoples rather than avoid taking them and help stop cream skimming.
Parental choice - Gerwitz (1995)
E - Gerwitz Study of 14 London secondary schools found differences impairment, economic, and cultural capital. Let class differences in how far they can exercise choice of secondary school. Three main types of parents: PRIVILEGED SKILL CHOOSERS - pro MC parents who used EC and CC to gain educational capital for children. DISCONNECTED LOCAL CHOOSER - WC parents whose choices were restricted by lack of EC and CC. SEMI-SKILLED CHOOSERS - mainly WC but I’m like disconnected. They were ambitious for kids.
E - This means MC parents usually possess cultural and economic capital giving them more choice than WC parents creating inequality between classes again.
E - However, due to the introduction of catchment areas, school admissions give priority to children nearby, stopping MC parents from using fake addresses to get into better schools. It means School made me take local kids which should help stop MC parents from using money or connections to get unfair advantage in admissions.
Blurring public/private boundary - Ball (2007)
E - Ball argues many aspects of education such as staff training are outsourced to private companies, ‘endogenous’ private sector practices are embedded in education e.g Pearson.
E - This leads to private companies influencing educational decisions, helping them fund resources and infrastructure they may not afford, although tend to support high achieving schools - inequality.
E - However, due to globalisation these companies may bring in technology and resources that children can use to help raise their standards of education and give equality to all students.
The cola-isatin of schools - Molnar (2005)
E - Molnar highlights how schools are targeted by private companies as schools by their nature carry enormous goodwill and giving legitimacy on anything associated with them.
E - Links edu to commercial goals - students see themself as consumers shifting idea of inequality and having them focus on brand loyalty.
E - However, due to the increasing government funding the schools they don’t need to rely on private companies for money which usually benefits richer school’s more. With more equal funding from the government, all schools can also resources without needing business deals. For example, according to Ball a Cadburys Sports equipment promotion with scrapped after it was revealed that people would have to eat 5440 chocolate bars just to qualify for a set of volleyball posts.
Education as a commodity - Ball & Yodel (2007)
E - Ball and Yodel argue education is treated like a product to be bought and sold - ‘legitimate object of private profit making’.
E - This means schools may focus on their public image rather than the students welfare benefiting the MC students.
E - Chubb & Moe argue it actually reduces inequality as it raises standards as it forces the disadvantaged students to improve encouraging them to achieve.
Globalisation of educational policy - Buckingham & Scanlon (2005)
NOT RELATING TO THIS JUST EXTRA
E - Many private companies in education services awful renamed EGD exam board edexcel is owned by the US educational publican and testing giant Pearson and according to Ball, Pearson GCSE exam answers are now marked in Sydney.
They argue that UKs 4 leading educational software companies are owned by global multinationals such as Disney, Hasbro etc) In globalized world educational services in UK are sold by go companies to other banks.
