Marriage and Alliance Flashcards
(23 cards)
marriage
a culturally sanctioned union between two or more people that established certain rights and obligations between the people, their children, and their in-laws
marriage rules
endogamy and exogamy
endogamy
marriage within a particular group or category of individuals
exogamy
marriage outside the group
forms of marriage
monogamy, polygamy, group marriage
monogamy
marriage in which both partners have just one spouse
polygamy
one individual having multiple spouses at the same time; polygyny and polyandry
polygyny
marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time
polyandry
marriage of a woman to two or more men at the same time
group marriage
marriage in which several men and women have sexual access to one another
marriage and economic exchange
bride price, bride service, dowry
bride price
payments of money to a bride’s parents or other close kin from the groom or his kin to compensate family for loss of the woman’s labor
bride service
alternative to monetary payments in bride price, groom works for the bride’s family for a designated period of time
dowry
payment of a woman’s inheritance at the time of her marriage, either to her or her husband; man becomes obligated to care for the woman and support her
postmarital residence patterns
patrilocal residence, matrilocal residence, neolocal residence, avunculocal residence, ambilocal residence, duolocal residence
patrilocal residence
married couple lives near the husband’s father’s relatives, consolidates male labor
matrilocal residence
married couple lives near wife’s parents, found in places where women’s labor is valuable
neolocal residence
married couple establishes their household location apart from the husband’s or wife’s parents, industrial societies where individuals travel to find jobs
avunculocal residence
married couple lives with or near husband’s mother’s brother from whom the husband will inherit; matrilineal descent
ambilocal residence
couple lives with one spouse’s family, then the other, then chooses which to stay with permanently
duolocal residence
husbands and wives live with their own lineages even after marriage
nuclear family
family consisting of one or two parents and dependent offspring; common in foraging groups in harsh environments and industrial socieites
extended family
when two or more closely related nuclear families cluster together into a domestic group; common in traditional farming and herding cultures
