Martins Section Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is a drug?
an substance capable of causing a biological effect
What are the targets for drug action
Receptors, Enzymes, Ion Channels, Carriers and Others
What is a receptor?
an organ or cell able to respond to stimuli and transmit signal
B1 receptors
are found in cardiac tissue
B2 Receptors
lungs
What is an agonist?
It is a drug that is capable of binding to, and activating, a receptor
What is an antagonist?
They block the action of an agonist getting to the receptor
How can drugs be classified?
- By their Name
- By their Action
- By their legal classification
What is potency?
amount of drug needed for the same effect.
intrinsic activity
the maximum response a drug can cause, max effect = 1
What is a partial agonist?
A drug that binds to its receptor but produces a smaller effect at full dosage than a full agonist
what are competitive antagonists?
antagonists that compete with the agonist ligand for the reversible binding to a receptor
What is an inverse agonist?
Agonist that binds to the same site as an agonist however produces an opposite response
What is desensitization?
decreased ability of a receptor to respond to stimulation by a drug or ligand (takes seconds to minutes) short term
What is down-regulation?
target cells lose receptors in response to high hormone levels
What is resensitization?
when the receptors return to allow interaction.
What is the latent period?
Time elapsed before a drug is seen to work
What are the different routes of administration?
Local/Topical, Oral, Parenteral routes
What affects drug absorption?
route of administration, Drug formation, Chemistry of the drug
Factors that affect drug distribution
Blood flow, Barriers, Protein binding, Fat solubility
How can a drug be deposited?
In the Receptors, Absorption, Metabolism, Excretion, Tissue reservoirs
Examples of Opioids
Morphine, oxycontin, Heroin
Examples of CNS depressants
ethanol, ketamines
examples of stimulants
nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamine, ecstasy
