Marx

Question 1

Hegel’s dialectical triad

Answer 1

• reality is a product of our consciousness

- Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis

Question 2

Alienation

Answer 2

-labor becomes alienated from sled when you no longer own/control what is made

Question 3

Teleology

Answer 3

• The ultimate goal

- Marx it’s communism which is the way society will progress linearly to a predefined end

Question 4

Epistemology

Answer 4

• Study of how we know
• Marx’s class consciousness, different classes understand world differently
• Marx we learn through history and material conditions
• know because of what you experience

Question 5

Onotology

Answer 5

• Science of being

- Marx’s is dialectical materialism which is grounded in reality, and conflict played out in societies different classes

Question 6

Species Being

Answer 6

• Social individual a person is located in society, defined by society and defines society
• About changing nature
• Being involved in society to change nature (society, religion, infrastructure)

Question 7

Dialectical materialism

Answer 7

• German ideology
• Thesis encounters Antithesis which turns into Synthesis that is progress
• Have different loops/ purpose for these

Question 8

Existence, Consciousness

Answer 8

• Consciousness will only be conscious existence
• Existence of men is their actual life-process
• Life not determined by consciousness but consciousness is determined by life

Question 9

Division of Labor, Alienation

Answer 9

• By having to sell your labor puts you at the mercy of employer and creates alienation because you become viewed as just the object you are meant to create
• Private property, means of production leads to alienation

Question 10

Thesis 11

Answer 10

• Philosophers have hitherto only interpret the world in various ways
• Marx says the point isn’t to interpret but to CHANGE it

Question 11

Praxis

Answer 11

• Dialectic of action (action)

- Objective circumstances of social structure can be connected with someones subjective understanding

Question 12

Hegel vs. Feuerbach

Answer 12

-reality is product of our consciousness, and goal is to reach god
vs
-humans created god as knowledge of self and if reach true potential no longer need god (about universal love)

Question 13

Feuerbach vs. Marx

Answer 13

• Feuerbach not materialist enough
• Marx need to change the world through praxis can’t just want love
• Theory is only useful if it creates change

Question 14

Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis because

Answer 14

Hegel: to know God
Feuerbach: to know ourselves
Marx: to create social change and shapes how people react to material things

Question 15

Base

Answer 15

-?

Question 16

Superstructure

Answer 16

• Determined by the sub-structure of basic empirical facts

- ?

Question 17

Objectification

Answer 17

-Worker puts life into creating an object therefore the object owns his life and while making it the object becomes his species being

Question 18

Estrangement

Answer 18

• Labor as object that exists outside oneself, independently as something alien to you
• Thus life becomes estranged from self

Question 19

Coerced Labor

Answer 19

• Forced to work to survive, sell your labor therefore don’t own yourself
• Mortifies body and mind species being isn’t used for main purpose instead to create estranged objects

Question 20

Alienated Labor

Answer 20

• Worker to product: labor has become congealed in the object
• Labor to producing: forced labor a means to satisfy needs, belongs to another
• Worker to species being: life appears only as means to life, labor turns being into an alien and individual existence
• Worker to worker: view others only as what they create/occupation
• Result of private property

Question 21

Consciousness

Answer 21

-?

Question 22

Class Struggle

Answer 22

• The dialectic process of creating change in society

- Oppressed and oppressor define social relations which are a product of the mode of production

Question 23

Mode of Production

Answer 23

• Capitalism for Marx which will eventually destroy itself and communism where everyone can pursue their species being will happen

Question 24

Proletariate

Answer 24

• Individual laborers, factory workers
• Those who do not own the means of production
• They must sell their labor to survive
• The revolutionary class

Question 25

Bourgeoisie

Answer 25

- Ruling class, where social change and alienation must happen - Creates societies image after itself

Question 26

Petite Bourgeoisie

Answer 26

- Small trades people, business owners have commodities they control the sale of - This group shrinks to join proletariate

Question 27

Communism

Answer 27

- Marx end state after capitalism kills itself - Part of Marx teleology which is rather utopian - Deprives no man of power to appropriate products, and can pursue their species-being

Question 28

Use Value

Answer 28

- The utility of a commodity and it's ability to satisfy wants, can have personal value - No value can be put on use-value - Exchange value has an equivalence of what something is worth, this can have a price and someone else has to agree on that price

Question 29

Necessary Labor

Answer 29

- Work that must be done to reproduce the worker | - What a laborer must do to make ends meet/ survive

Question 30

Socially necessary labor time

Answer 30

- Changes by the mode of production | - Technology makes the time needed to produce something less decreasing the socially necessary labor

Question 31

Absolute or Relative Surplus value

Answer 31

- Absolute means to increase workers hours and uphold a standard thus creating more surplus value - Relative means increasing productivity with time saving procedures and don't have to pay workers for more hours to create the same surplus value

Question 32

Commodity

Answer 32

- Something + Labor - An external object that through it's qualities satisfies human needs - ?

Question 33

Commodity fetishism

Answer 33

- Comes from alienation of labor that creates a distorted relationship between individuals and consumption - Don't see the work and people that went into making something - Objects have more power then people, become defined by the commodities you have

Question 34

Reification

Answer 34

- Part of alienated labor act of looking at something as if it were real - Loose sight of the labor that creates a commodity it becomes reified - When categories become more real than the people described by them

Question 35

C-M-C

Answer 35

- Laborer, must sell labor as a commodity to earn money to buy the daily commodities needed in life - All about creating consumption which means things need use-value - Never see the money you worked for again

Question 36

M-C-M

Answer 36

- Capitalist takes their money and converts it into commodity that can then be sold for money creating a stream of new money because they own the means of production - Earning more money because system is driven by exchange-value

Question 37

Class consciousness

Answer 37

-Capital is meant to make us think about our lives and how they are based around material things -Conflicting classes creates growing proletariate rink, class consciousness that leads to revolution In itself- workers must realize they share common grievances, without this the division of labor continues For itself- awareness of the different classes