marxism

Question 1

1857 Crisis

Answer 1

within months thousands of banks collapsed accross America, and the shockwave spread to the whole world- first worldwide crisis in the system of production

Question 2

historical origins

Answer 2

response to commercial liberalism- smith and cobden

Question 3

early applications of marxism

Answer 3

hobson and lenin

Question 4

additional insights

Answer 4

gramsci- critical theory

Question 5

world-systems theory applied

Answer 5

samir amin, gunder frank, wallerstein

Question 6

core assumptions (4)

Answer 6

1. dialectical materialism (class struggle)
2. states are not the primary units of analysis- classes are
3. class struggle drives IR
4. international system is hierarchical

Question 7

hobson says imperialism was a result of (3)

Answer 7

overproduction
underconsumption
oversavings 
-expansions as a solution
- new markets, investments and wage competition

Question 8

“processes of capitalist accumulation led to colonial expansion”

Answer 8

lenin

Question 9

latin american dependency school

Answer 9

development of periphery depending on the core

access to markets, economic aid

Question 10

who found the world systems theory?

Answer 10

wallerstein

Question 11

what is the world systems theory?

Answer 11

an approach to social change which emphasizes the world system (not states) as the primary unit of social analysis

Question 12

core nations

Answer 12

high income, industrialized, control global markets, has a skilled labor force, needs labor/natural resources from the others

Question 13

semipheriphery nations

Answer 13

middle income, industrializing, moving towards becoming core

Question 14

periphery nations

Answer 14

low income, less skilled labor force, exports labor and natural resources, requires investment

Question 15

core and semiperiphery X periphery

Answer 15

core and semi give periphery money

Question 16

periphery X core and semipheriphery

Answer 16

periphery gives them cheap labor and natural resources

Question 17

gramscianism focus

Answer 17

breaks with economic determinism- greater emphasis on subjectivity, culture, ideology (capitalism was building on these to undermine other mobilization ideas)

Question 18

gramsciansim- hegemony (2)

Answer 18

1. a more subtle form of political power- resting upon not just coercion, but also the hegemonic discourse of elites which serves diverse interests
2. more subtle form of political power- rests upon the idea that teh middle class must consent with the idea of reform for it to take place

Question 19

base and superstructure model

Answer 19

the modes and relations of production shape the political sphere

Question 20

dialectical

Answer 20

based on the discourse of 2 or more actors

Question 21

means of production and relations of production

Answer 21

as the means of production develop (by techno advancement), previous relations of production become outmoded and this leads to a process of social change where the worker has a hatred for its owner

Question 22

what is the base?

Answer 22

base: production forces, materials or resources

Question 23

what is the superstructure?

Answer 23

all other aspects of society (culture, ideology, norm)

Question 24

what does the superstructure reflect?

Answer 24

the superstructure grows out of and reflects the ruling classes’ interests

Question 25

superstructure X base

Answer 25

superstructure MAINTAINS and shapes the base (base is more dominant)

Question 26

base X superstructure

Answer 26

base SHAPES and maintains the superstructure (base is more dominant)

Question 27

cox’s world order

Answer 27

• hegemony is important for stability

- dominant powers shape the world according to their interests (washington consensus)