marxism

Question 1

who are the marxist sociologists

Answer 1

-althusser
-bowles and gintis
-willis

Question 2

Althusser

Answer 2

-repressive and ideological state apparatus

Question 3

examples of repressive state apparatus and define

Answer 3

-insitutions state uses to keep physical control over citizens
-ie. justice system armed police

Question 4

examples of ideological state apparatus and define

Answer 4

-state use this to control how ppl think / not physical
-passess on rc ideologies through institutions like family, religion, media

Question 5

what type of apparatus is the education system
explain and inc e.g

Answer 5

ideological state apparatus
-prepares for later exploitation
-ie. shouting at skl isn’t allowed reflects to not voice your opinion to your oppressors

Question 6

what does the ideological state apparatus reproduce and how

Answer 6

-legitamises class inequality
seems inevitable as aren’t ‘clever enough’
-creates a false class consciousness exploited by RC
-reproduce class inequality, WC failed by system and remain low paid

Question 7

what’s the A03 of Althusser

Answer 7

-subjective
-hes an arm chair sociologist , no evidence to support his ideas

Question 8

explain Bowles and gintis study
what did they do in their study

Answer 8

-237 NYC high skl students
-found students that showed independence and creativity gained low grades and those showing obedience and discipline got hogh grades

Question 9

what were the 3 findings of Bowles and gintis study,

Answer 9

-correspondance principle
-hidden curriculum
-myth of meritocracy

Question 10

define correspondance p and give .g

Answer 10

r.ships and structure found in education mirror those at work
ie. hmwk- working outs hrs like workforce, prepares for exploitation

Question 11

define hidden curriculum and give ie,

Answer 11

all lessons learnt at skl aren’t directly taught
through everyday working of skl pupils become used to heirachy, competition and working for rewards
-ie, dont talk over teacher, dont talk over boss - accept heirachy

Question 12

myth of meritocracy

Answer 12

-dont all have equal chances to achieve, serves RC depends on background

ie. willis lads- could argue reject obedience

Question 13

willis study and findings
how did view meritocracy

Answer 13

12 WC boys moving from skl to work, they opposed those that conformed to skl rules (ear oles )
-found- wc pupils often fight back against obedience
- lads formed a laddish subculture
-view meritocracy as a myth , knew skl wasn’t there to help them showed acts of defiance ie. smoke
-fatalistic approach

Question 14

define laddish subculture

Answer 14

-saw manual work as superior, intellectual work inferior and viewed themselves as superior to girls

Question 15

how does skl resistance lead to low paid jobs
2 factors

Answer 15

1- accustomed to boredom - dont gain satisfaction from work
2- acts of rebellion - then gain no high qualifications for jobs

Question 16

A03 of willis

Answer 16

-useful showing not all pupil passively accept to socialise them
-proves even those trying to resist rc still end up in low paid jobs