Marxism

Question 1

3 marxists?

Answer 1

Althusser
Bowles and Gintis
Willis

Question 2

What are marxists concerned with?

Answer 2

Class conflict where the bourgeoise exploit and control the proletariat

Question 3

What does the superstructure transmit?

Answer 3

False class consciousness

Question 4

What does false class consciousness mean?

Answer 4

Workers have learnt ruling-class values and beliefs through education, media and religion, which prevent them from realising how unfair a capitalist society is

Question 5

Bourgeoisie

Answer 5

Marxist term for the capitalist ruling class. The own the means of production e.g. Factories, equipment, raw materials

Question 6

Proletariat

Answer 6

The working class who, according to marxists, form the majority of society and are exploited by the bourgeoisie

Question 7

Althusser

Answer 7

Education acts as a ideological state apparatus - this passes on false class consciousness to the proletariat

Question 8

What does ideological state apparatus mean?

Answer 8

Education maintains the rule of the bourgeoisie by controlling ideas and passing on false class consciousness

Question 9

What criticism can be made when talking about an ideological state apparatus?

Answer 9

Reproduces class inequality by channeling the working class into low paid employment

Question 10

Bowles and Gintis

Answer 10

Correspondence theory - everything that happens in schools is preparation for exploitation after school

Question 11

What 3 things did Bowles and Gintis say about education?

Answer 11

1) passes in hidden curriculum which encourages people to obey authority
2) passes on myth of meritocracy
3) jug and mug theory which encourages passivity

Question 12

What did Bowles and gintis study?

Answer 12

“Schooling in capitalist America”

Question 13

When was “schooling in capitalist America”?

Answer 13

1976

Question 14

What is “schooling in capitalist America”?

Answer 14

Focuses on how capitalism requires a workforce with certain attitudes who accept their roles of being exploited workers

Question 15

What did Bowles and gintis believe?

Answer 15

That education requires an obedient workforce who accept inequality

(People willing to do something by being told by someone form authority)

Question 16

What is the correspondence theory?

Answer 16

Where Bowles and gintis suggested that schools mirror how the workplace operates

Question 17

As well as a Marxist, what is Willis?

Answer 17

Interactionist

Question 18

Willis

Answer 18

Studied 12 working class background lads who all had an anti-school subculture and ended up with low educational achievement and in low paid jobs where they were massively exploited

Question 19

What was Willis’ study called?

Answer 19

Learning to Labour

Question 20

Who believed in hidden curriculum?

Answer 20

Bowles and gintis

Question 21

When was Willis’ study?

Answer 21

1977

Question 22

What did Willis use?

Answer 22

Non participant observations and unstructured interviews

Question 23

What is hidden curriculum?

Answer 23

The social norms and values that are taught at school, but not as part of the regular curriculum

Question 24

What is “learning to labour”?

Answer 24

Focuses on how family background shapes their education and opportunities in the world of work