marxist views of crime

Question 1

what are relations of production?

Answer 1

exploitative relationship between employee and employer.

Question 2

what are means of production?

Answer 2

wealth, land, raw materials, buildings owned by bourgeoisie.

Question 3

what does criminogenic capitalism mean??

Answer 3

crime is inevitable bc capitalism is criminogenic, this is bc capitalism is based on exploitation of w/c.

Question 4

why do marxists say w/c commit crime?

Answer 4

only way to survive and get out of poverty. only way of obtaining goods encouraged by capitalism.
alienation and frustration may lead to non-utalitarian crimes

Question 5

why do marxists say m/c commit crime?

Answer 5

american dream encourages ppl to get richer and so may commit corporate crime.

Question 6

which sociologist argues crime is rational response to capitalism?

Answer 6

gordon

Question 7

Ao3 for criminogenic capitalism?

Answer 7

deterministic - not all poor people commit crimes.
other capitalist countries like sweden have low crime rates.

Question 8

examples of criminogenic capitalism?

Answer 8

google tax avoidance
cry for help on primark label

Question 9

what is ideological function of crime and law?

Answer 9

through the manipulation of values, ruling class can define what is and against law. r/c control beliefs so can make many crimes seem natural and unavoidable. seen as individual w/c problem

Question 10

what does pearce say about health and safety laws?

Answer 10

laws created to benefit w/c but actually benefit r/c by keeping workers fit for work. this creates false class consciousness amongst w/c.

Question 11

what does gordon say about manipulation of values?

Answer 11

ISA makes us believe w/c crimes such as benefit fraud or burgalary are more serious for society than wcc. not true!

Question 12

examples of manipulation of values?

Answer 12

no laws governing number of homes rich ppl can own but homeless people die of hypothermia.
pandora papers - avoidance of tax through off shore accounts

Question 13

what is biased law creation?

Answer 13

law enforcement only serves interest of ruling class.

Question 14

what does chambliss say about biased law creation?

Answer 14

britains tax law in east africa, forced them to work for plantations as only way of earning cash.

Question 15

what does snider say about biased law creation?

Answer 15

capitalist state reluctant to pass laws regulating activities of business or threatening profitability.

Question 16

Ao3 of biased law creation?

Answer 16

some laws do benefit society

Question 17

what is selective enforcement?

Answer 17

powerless groups criminalised whilst blind eye turned to r/c.

Question 18

what does reiman say about selective enforcement?

Answer 18

more likely a crime is to be committed by higher class, less likely to be treated as criminal offence. disproportionate number of prosecutions of street crimes.

Question 19

what does chambliss say about selective law enforcement?

Answer 19

cjs focuses on crimes of streets rather than crimes of suits. access to power determines who’s arrested.

Question 20

example of selective law enforcement?

Answer 20

shoplifters prosecuted more than developer destroying old and protected buildings for profits.
500 employees killed a year from accidents and 2/3 never prosecuted.

Question 21

Ao3 of selective law enforcement?

Answer 21

functionalists say laws are a reflection of collective conscience and protects all members.

Question 22

difference between white collar crime and corporate crime?

Answer 22

white collar crime - committed by employee against business
corporate - committed by business

Question 23

general examples of corporate crime?

Answer 23

discrimination
wage laws violated
antiunion activities
health and safety laws violated
illegal pollution

Question 24

5 reasons corporate crime is more invisible?

Answer 24

media reinforces sterotypes abt crime being w/c and euphemises corporate crime.
politicians being ‘tough on crime’ focuses on street crime.
complex accounting laws make it difficult
delabelling as ‘civil’ not criminal
victim may not know they are victim.

Question 25

3 real examples of corporate crime?

Answer 25

bhopal in india - chemical gas leak killed 3000 ppl from inaddeuqate safety procedures. thalidomide sleeping pill gave 8000 babies birth defects even when clinical trials rejected shell - oil in fresh water in niger killed marine life none prosecuted

Question 26

who talks about differential association and what is it?

Answer 26

sutherland - crime is behaviour learned from ppl who have criminal attitudes.

Question 27

ao3 of marxist views of crime?

Answer 27

ignores other causes of crime assumes w/c can't help but commit crime. there is crime in communist states too. most criminal laws aren't controversial.

Question 28

what did brake find about youth subcultures?

Answer 28

youth cultures expressed disgust at capitalism through developing alternative lifestyles.

Question 29

what did the cccs find about youth cultures?

Answer 29

youth are least 'locked in' to system of financial or family responsibilities and use resistance through style.

Question 30

what is resistance through style?

Answer 30

group adopts style of dress speech music behaviour.

Question 31

examples of marxist subcultural theories?

Answer 31

skinheads - cohen found hate immigrants and women. punks - resist mainstream norms to shock.

Question 32

what is incorporation?

Answer 32

capitalism quickly commercialises youth cultural style, stripping ideological significance

Question 33

what do neomarxists think causes crime?

Answer 33

ppl choose to commit crime as response to their own situations and is political action. reject 'blocked opportunities' argument.

Question 34

Ao3 of class subcultures?

Answer 34

postmodernists say class is not a key source of identity as neotribes are just people with shared interests such as raving, rather than characterstics.

Question 35

what are the 3 types of power that neo-marxists talk about?

Answer 35

political elite, ideological elite and economic elite.

Question 36

what do neomarxists argue about superstructures?

Answer 36

they aren't all dependent on economic base eg the media can criticise bourgeoisie.

Question 37

what are the two sources of taylor, walton and young's critical criminology theory?

Answer 37

marxism and interactionism

Question 38

what are the 6 aspects of crime that taylor et al talk about?

Answer 38

wider origins of deviant act - crimes in capitalist society reflect ineqality of power. immediate origins of act - context of crime. act itself - why have they committed this crime? immediate origin of social reaction -understand reasons for different forms of social response. wider origins of social reaction - who defines actions and why are some acts treated more harshly. effect of labelling - does it lead to deviance amplification?