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Mary 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

why did Devyse fail?

A

many catholic supporters were in favour of mary
northumberland tried to interfere with the legititmate succession

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2
Q

what problems did mary face when she succeed the throne?

A

fundamental religious division within the country
substantial protestant minority
mary hadnt been brought up to rule
her loyal trusted supporters had no serious government experience

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3
Q

who were marys new councillors?

A

Bishop Stephen Gardiner - had been her fathers secretary and a steadfast upholder of religious condervatism
churchmen that had been excluded in Edwards reign

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4
Q

why did mary loose confidence in Paget?

A

his opposition to her religious programmes

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5
Q

why did mary never fully trust bishop Gardiner?

A

he failed to support her mum during the break from rome

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6
Q

why did mary rely on advice from Philip of Spain and Simon Renard?

A

because Gardiener died in 1555 and Cardinal pole distanced himself from secular issues

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7
Q

how many MPs opposed the reversal of Edwardian religious legislation?

A

80

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8
Q

what did concern for property rights ensure?

A

that ex-monastic property would not be restored to the church

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9
Q

what did a bill in 1555 do?

A

allowed the seizure of property of protestant exiles
was defeated

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10
Q

why did mary want to secure her succession?

A

so england remained catholic

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11
Q

how old was mary when she became queen?

A

37

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12
Q

who was the one English candiate to marry?

A

Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon

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13
Q

why did mary not marry earl of devon?

A

would’ve brought threat to factional rivalry
he would’ve become more influential

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14
Q

who did mary marry?

A

Philip of Spain

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15
Q

why did the english people not like philip of spain?

A

because they were zenophobic - fear of foreigner

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16
Q

what was in mary and philips marriage treaty?

A

philip given title of king but had no real power
no foreigners were permitted to hold English offices
if mary died, philip had no claim to throne

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17
Q

when did mary and philip get married?

A

1554

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18
Q

what did the succession act of 1554 do?

A

liz would succeed mary

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19
Q

why did mary not want liz on the throne?

A

she didnt like her
she was protestant
believed she was illegitimate

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20
Q

why was liz confined to the tower of london?

A

mary suspected she was implicated in the wyatts rebellion

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21
Q

when liz was released from the ToL, what was she put under?

A

house arrest

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22
Q

when did mary name liz successor?

A

6 november 1558
11 days before she died

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23
Q

what were marys aims in foreign policy?

A

restore england to papal supremacy
marry philip

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24
Q

who was one of the main instigators of renewed Franco-Spanish conflict?

A

Paul 4 - anti-spanish pope

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25
when did England declare war on france?
1557
26
what happened before england declared war on france?
a bizarre landing at Scarborough of French troops led by Thomas Staffors
27
why were some members of the nobility enthusiastic about the war?
it was an opportunity to regain some credit with the crown due to their links with Edwards regime
28
why was there a promising start for england at the beginning of the war with france?
they assisted the spansih at a successful seige of St Quentin and delt with minor incursion into england by Scots
29
what did mary lose in the war with france and when?
Calais jan 1558
30
what did mary do to follow up the loss of Calais?
attack on port of Brest in the summer of 1558 - failed
31
what did local enthusiams for the restoration of catholicism produce?
large sums of money which were devoted to popular conservative religious projects
32
what problems did mary face when trying to restore the English church to papal jurisdiction?
protestantism attracted adherents in London protestant church was protected in statue law many members of political elites had benefited financially from the acquisition of manastic lands and had no desire to surrender to catholicism
33
what began the legislative attack on portestantism
mary's first parliament meeting in october 1553
34
what happened in mary's first meeting with parliament?
religious laws passed during Edward's reign repealed order of service as at the time of death of H8 was restored clergy who had married could be deprived of their lviings legal status of the CoE was upheld
35
what dilemma did mary face regarding religion?
she had to acknowledge the original laws passed by H8 were legally valid if she wanted to reverse the royal supremacy
36
when was the status of the church resolved?
in marys 3rd meeting with parliament - november 1554 to january 1555
37
what delayed the process of the status of the church?
the issue of what should happen to the lands from dissolved monastries which had fallen into private hands - in the end the ladn couldnt be restored back to the church
38
when did Cardinal Pole arrive in England?
November 1554
39
why did Cardinal Pole return to England?
to take position as legate and Archbishop of Canterbury
40
what did mary's thrid parliament do?
reversed the Henrician Act of Attainder
41
why could there be no religious settlement?
because the issue of the former church lands hadnt been resolved
42
when was the act of repeal and what did it do?
January 1555 revoked the royal supremacy
43
when did Pope Julius 3 die?
1555
44
who was pope julius 3 succeeded by?
Paul 4
45
why was Paul 4 hostile towards Philip of Spain?
he was anti-spanish
46
when was Paul 4 dismissed as papal legate?
April 1557
47
what earned mary the nickname 'Bloody Mary'?
burning of heretics (protestants)
48
how many protestants were burnt at the stake for heresy?
280
49
what bishops were burnt at the stake?
Archbishop Cranmer bishop Hooper bishop Ridley
50
how many clergymen were burnt at the stake?
21
51
who were the bulk of those burnt at the stake?
humble status men and women
52
what did the burning of protestants suggest?
that protestantism was more important to some people who did not simply benefit financially from religious change
53
what strengthend the sympathy for the societys martyrdom?
the range of victims to include humble people at the burning of protestants
54
who wasnt allowed to watch the burnings?
servants apprentices young
55
what needed to be improved in the church?
resources quality and quantity of priests
56
what did pole try to ensure the quality of?
pastoral provision
57
what is a legatine synod?
a joint assmebly summoned by a papal legate
58
when was pole's legatine synod?
1555 - 1556
59
what did pole's legatine synod do?
bishops were to reside in their dioceses bishops were to preach bishops had to oversee carefully the religious life of their parishes
60
what things in mary's reign continued to produce inflation?
increase in population debasement of the coinage harvest failures in 1555 and 1556 'sweating sickness' in 1557 and 1558
61
what areas of the economy were improved?
revenue administration
62
what did the court of Exchequer take over?
the court of first fruits and tenths and the court of Augmentations
63
what was competent under Lord Treasurer Winchester?
financial administration
64
what mistake did mary make regarding the economy?
remitted the final part of Edwards subsidy
65
what did remitting the final part of Edwards subsidy do?
cheap popularity and some financial cost
66
what rose during marys reign regarding the economy?
level of royal indebtedness
67
what boosted the crowns finances?
the plans for recoinage drawn up from 1556 to 1558 but implemented under Liz
68
what had inflationary pressures been caused by?
the proliferation of debased coins in circulation
69
why were the years 1556-1558 classed as dreadful?
huge mortality rate harvest failures high taxation to pay for war agaisnt france emphasis placed on the enforcement of laws agaisnt grain hoardsers strong encouragement to convert pasture land to tillage
70
what provoked the Wyatts rebellion?
the prospect of a spanish marriage
71
when was the wyatts rebellion?
jan 1554
72
when was the wyatts rebellion planned?
november 1553
73
where were the risings going to take place?
Devon Herfordshire Leicestershire Kent
74
where was the most serious rising in the wyatts rebellion?
kent
75
how many men was wyatt able to gather?
3,000
76
what were the motives of the wyatts rebellion?
religion Xenophobia decline in cloth industry gentry who had lost office spanish marriage
77
what was the main objective of the wyatts rebellion?
to get rid of mary
78
why was the wyatts rebellion significant?
showed that although protestants were in a minority, their religious opinions could not be ignored demonstrated the extent that people thought the spanish marriage was sus resulted in the execution of Lady Jane Grey
79
how did wyatt almost succeed?
large following outmanoevured the duke of norfolk and took London
80
how does the wyatts rebellion end?
wyatt surrenders at London
81
was there any humanism influence?
little
82
what is closely associated with Catholic martyrs?
Catholic humanism
83
what was REginald Pole's governance a little influenced by?
humanism
84
who regarded Erasmus a heretic?
Pope Paul 4
85
where was Erasmus' works placed on?
the Catholic index Librorum Prohibitorum (prohibited books)
86
what did Edmund Bonner's book explain?
the faith at a straightforward level
87
what did the book of homilies replace?
edwards book of commone prayer
88
what were protestants divided over?
those whon were happy to use the 1552 prayer book on the basis for church services and those who wished to operate politically within existing structures and those led by John Knox and Christopher Goodman who wished to adopt a more radical approach involving active resistance to the regime
89
where and who started the translation of the bible?
Geneva by William Whittingham
90
when did Mary die?
1558

Tudors (5 decks)

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