Mary I Flashcards
(5 cards)
Government
council
- too large to be effective
- factions - William Paget vs Gardiner - neither trusted by Mary
- relied on foreigners - ABC Pole, Philip, Charles
- only sources of council from Simon Renard (imperial ambassador) - hated the council
- Mary and Council - limited political exp
Parl
- protestant - made passing restoration of Catholicism difficult
- 80 MPs refused religious restoration but still able to pass
- rejected restoring monastic land
Religion
1553 - First Statue of Repeal - back to Six Articles - undoes Edward
1554 - Second Statue of Repeal - gets rid of Henry’s religious reform - Pope restored as Papal Headship - heresy laws restored
- 284 heretics burnt including Cranmer, Hooper and Ridley
- only 7 of Edward’s Bishops refused
- no restoration of monasteries
Pole’s reform
- educated the clergy (read and understand Latin)
- set up seminaries to do so - only successful in York
Rebellion
Wyatt’s
1554
- against the Spanish rebellion - hated Spain and Catholicism
- gained support of 4,000 in Kent + stope ships
- made it to London but stalled - gave Mary time to prepare
- 90 executed incl Wyatt
FP
aim - marry Philip, restore Pope
1555 - ant-Spanish Pope - made restoration difficult
1556 - dragged into Hapsburg Valois Conflict by Philip
1557 - victory at St Quentin’s against the French but minor
1558 - lost Calais
overall mitigated loses
Economic and other policy
Inflation continue to rise
- population grew
- bad harvest 1555-56
- disease 1557-58
- debasement
Walter Mildmay - Chancellor of the Exechquer
- Court of Exchequer absorbed two other courts - more efficient
- recoinage planned - carried out under Eliz
- Book of Rate 1558 - revenue £29,000 -> £85,000 pa
- restored exchequer system
- tightening of poor relief - did not give out Edward’s last subsidy
naval reform - 6 ships and repairs
army reform - Militia Act 1558 - Lord Lieutenant and JPs to muster soldiers + improved weapon and equipment supply
