Mary Queen of Scots (or mary stuart) - topic 2 test Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is Mary’s royal background / family?
She was the daughter of King James the 5th (V) of the Steward dynasty and his french wife Marie de Guise
What was the nobles power in 16th century Scotland?
The nobles were in charge of law and order. they had the power to judge and punish local criminals and influenced who got jobs in the church and they had great power over the people in their territory.
Why did Mary return to Scotland from France?
Because her husband the prince of France at the time died so she had no reason to stay in France because she had no power
Why did Mary not govern Scotland alone when her dad died?
Because she was too young to rule so her half-brother James Stuart, the earl of moray governed in her place till she was old enough to take control
What happened to religion while Mary was in France?
Scotland had turned protestant while Mary was still in France (a catholic country). In order to keep the peace when Mary came back she put in place a sort of mixed religious policy
what did Mary’s mixed religion policy do?
While the public stayed the same she made it so that she and her french servants where allowed to practice mass in the privacy of her own home
What was Mary’s relation with the English throne and Elizabeth?
Technically Mary was the next in line to the throne of England after Elizabeth because she was Elizabeth closest relation
(they are cousins)
Why did people think that Mary was the true heir to the English throne?
Elizabeth was born from king Henry VIII ‘s mistress and she was born out of marriage so many believed that since Mary was born from marriage that she was the true queen
why was her marriage to Darnley disliked?
his family was very pro english
many disliked Darnley’s character. (they considered him proud, disdainful and suspicious)
her half-brother, the earl of moray though that Darnley’s family wanted to remove him from power
why was darnley a problem to Mary?
he was a drunk, gambler and power hungry
he wanted mary to give him more power (the crown matrimonial) but he did not fill out his duties as the king and mary had to do them for him.
what did darnley do?
he planned the murder of riccio with the scottish nobles in the promise that he would pardon them
who was david riccio?
He was assumed to be having an affair with mary and people didn’t like him because he showed off and boasted about his influence with mary
what happened in the chaseabout raids?
james stewart decided to rebel against his half-sister mary and chased her from Ayr to edinburgh to dumfries. elizabeth was actively helping them. The Earl of Moray, James Stewart, aimed to prevent Mary, Queen of Scots, from marrying Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and to maintain Scotland’s Protestant faith.
what happened in Darnley’s murder?
darnley went to kirk o’ fields with mary after getting sick and the queen had planned to stay at the house with him but in the middle of the knight she was called to a gathering after she left the house exploded and darnley was found dead in the gardens of the house with a servant
who is presumed to have murdered darnley?
bothwell was the main suspect because people believed he had been having an affair with mary and wanted rid of darnley to marry her
morton because darnley betrayed the riccio plot
moray and maitland as they thought darnley reduced their ability to influence mary
hamilton’s as they had family near that could easily have carried out the events
darnley because some believe he planted the gunpowder originally to kill his wife and allow him to become regent
mary because she couldn’t divorce darnley without it looking bad for her image and darnley was a nuisance to her because he never did his work
why was her reputation damaged when she married james hepburn, earl of bothwell?
because he was the main suspect in darnley’s murder and people believed she was having an affair with him
people started making posters with her as a siren/mermaid meaning they started calling her a prostitute and unfit to be a monarch
why was mary imprisoned by the scottish nobles?
because they believed she had married her husbands murderer and abandoned the catholic church. so they gathered an army and shouted burn the whore as they imprisoned Mary
how did mary escape the scottish prison?
her followers made a plan and stole the keys they then freed her and fought with opposing forces. once mary had seen her army had lost she tried escaping to england thinking Elizabeth would help her but instead she was sent to prison by her
what happened to mary once she got to england?
she was imprisoned because elizabeth was scared of her overthrowing and taking the throne. she was sent to court where she held trial for darnley’s murder and was found guilty when the casket letters were brought forward as evidence and so she was sent to prison until her execution after she plotted against elizabeth
what where the casket letters?
The “Casket Letters” were a collection of letters, love sonnets, and marriage contracts allegedly written by Mary, Queen of Scots, to James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell, and found in a silver casket. These letters were presented as evidence in a hearing against Mary, where they were used to implicate her in the murder of her second husband, Lord Darnley, and in an adulterous relationship with Bothwell.
what were the catholic plots?
mary sent messages and letters with hidden messages of her plotting with others against elizabeth and was only caught when elizabeth sent a spy to prove her guilt. Mary plotted with english catholics that believed she was the true heir to the throne
