Mary’s Whole Reign Flashcards
(32 cards)
Why did people not want Mary to marry Philip of Spain?
-they feared England would get involved in Spanish wars
-feared Philip would take over England
What were the causes of the Wyatt rebellion 1554?
-the marriage of Philip and Mary
-wanted to overthrow Mary with her sister Elizabeth
What happened in the first Wyatt rebellion?
-it was discovered before it happened
-Duke of Suffolk(LJG’s father) escaped towards midlands to try and get support but failed and was put in Tower of London
-Wyatt was also captured
-lady Jane was also executed
Who are some examples of Mary’s advisors?
-cardinal pole- Archbishop of Canterbury
-sir William paget-secretary
-William Paulette-lord treasurer
Evidence of conflict in Mary’s parliament:
-80MPS opposed reversal of Edward’s religious laws
-people were concerned former monastic lands would be returned to the church
Examples of financial reforms in Mary’s early reign:
-planned to remove a large number of debased coins and replace with full silver content however didn’t happen till 1560 after Mary
-a new book of rates was issued in 1558 which increase custom revenue to 85k a year
-the exchequer was restored as the main financial department
What were some social disasters in 1550s?
-heavy rain caused the worst harvest failure of the century which caused famine and inflation
-epidemic of flu and typhus from 1556-58 and 1 in 10 people were killed which reduced population by 5%
What did the marriage treaty between Mary and Philip say?
-he could be called king but not have kingly powers
-no foreigners could hold public office
-no claim to the throne if Mary died before him
What happened in the second Wyatt rebellion 1554?
-they feared the Spanish influence in court would endanger their careers
-Wyatt raised 3000 men in Kent-very close to London
-he was delayed marching to London so Mary could up her defence
-rebels were treated leniently for fear of provoking other rebels
What was the guildhall speech?
The speech about overthrowing the Wyatt rebels
Why did she restore Henry 8th’s will?
It meant Elizabeth would suceed Mary if she died
What were Mary’s 2 aims in foreign policy?
-restore England to papal supremacy
-to marry Philip who was heir to the Spanish throne
What happened in the treaty of vacuelles in 1556?
Peace treaty between English French and Spanish for 5 years
Why was Mary faced with a war on 2 fronts?
She was at war with Scotland who had formed an alliance with France against her and she also had to help her husband fight the French
What happened in the siege of Quentin?
5000 english and 70,000 Spanish captured st Quentin and defeated the French
How did Mary lose calais?
-30,000 french did a surprise attack on the garrison in Calais
-2000 Englishmen and hundreds of Spanish troops held out for weeks but had no reinforcements from England of Spanish so had to surrender
What was the response to the loss of Calais?
-Mary said ‘Calais will be inscribed on my heart’
-it was seen as a national disaster
What was the counter reformation?
A direct response by the catholic church to the rise of Protestantism
What were some key religious reforms in Europe?
-council of Trent(made up of cardinals) to respond to criticisms of church and made reforms
-re assertion of catholic doctrine eg concept of transubstanciation
What was the first act of repeal 1553?
-it undermined Protestantism and restored Catholicism
-the religious laws under Edward were reversed
-all married clergy could be deprived of their jobs
What happened when the second act of repeal was passed in 1555?
-Rome now had power over English church
-included reversal of acts such as act of supremacy, act of first fruits and tenths
What happened when the second act of repeal was passed in 1555?
-the English church was restored to Rome’s power
-included reversal of acts such as act of supremacy, act of first fruits and tenths
What were some positives of educating people about new policies instead of persecuting?
-kinder way to enforce laws
-less of backlash
-better for Mary’s image-kind
What were the negatives about educating people about new policies as a pose to persecution?
-takes longer
-people may not be willing to change actions
-may cost money
