MASONRY

Question 1

cement mix used to glue masonry units to each other, or
other surface finishing materials like tiles, bricks, stones to a
receiving structure like a wall or floor

Answer 1

Mortar

Question 2

mortar applied to wall surfaces as a preparation or a hard
finish coat

Answer 2

Plaster

Question 3

a proportioned mixture of siliceous materials (sand, crushed stone)
and cement (lime, Portland) which, after being prepared in a plastic
state with water, hardens into a stonelike mass.

Answer 3

MORTARS AND PLASTERS

Question 4

proportioned mixture of cement, fine aggregate and water.

Answer 4

CEMENT MORTAR

Question 5

For first-class mortars 1 part of cement should be added to not more than _______

Answer 5

3 parts of sand

Question 6

Replacing 10 or 15 percent of the cement by volume with ____________ gives greater workability and increases the strength of the mortar.

Answer 6

hydrated lime

Question 7

For rubble stonework, ______ will be much stronger than lime mortar

Answer 7

1 : 4

Question 8

For the top surface of floors and walks, use ______

Answer 8

1 : 1 to 1-1/2.

Question 9

is a mortar of cementitious material ( lime, gypsum or cement), sand and water which is applied in coats (layers) to masonry surfaces, lath or various types of plaster board to give a hard finish surface to interior or exterior walls and ceilings.

Answer 9

PLASTER

Question 10

refers to gypsum plaster and the words gypsum
and plaster are often used interchangeably.

Answer 10

“plaster”

Question 11

Is sometimes added to the mixture to give increased
strength as when used for the first coat.

Answer 11

Fiber or hair

Question 12

Plastering is done according to two basic methods:

Answer 12

two-coat and three-coat.

Question 13

A three-coat job consists of :

Answer 13

• a first binding coat called scratch coat;
• a second straightening coat called the brown-coat; and
• a final coat called the finish coat
  .

Question 14

the scratch and brown coats are combined into one.

Answer 14

two-coat work

Question 15

(hydrated lime and water), mixed on the job with sand
and gypsum plaster, used for two and three-coat finish surfaces
for interior walls and ceilings.

Answer 15

Lime putty

Question 16

Plaster of Paris mixed with clay, lime and
other materials in combinations covered by trademarks or
patents.

Answer 16

Gypsum plaster

Question 17

Same as gypsum plaster but
mixed to meet established standards. Mixed on the job with
water, sand, lime putty, hair or fiber for two and three-coat finish
surfaces for both exteriors and interiors

Answer 17

High-strength gypsum plaster

Question 18

Gypsum plaster premixed with
fibers. Mixed on the job with water and sand for scratch coat for three-coat plastering job

Answer 18

Fibered gypsum plaster

Question 19

Gypsum plaster mixed with fine
white sand. Used for two and three-coat finish surfaces for
interior walls and ceilings

Answer 19

Prepared gypsum plaster

Question 20

Gypsum plaster mixed with ingredients
develop more adhesive strength in combinations covered by
trademarks or patents. Used for interior finish for smooth
concrete walls or ceilings.

Answer 20

Bonding plaster

Question 21

Gypsum
plaster mixed on the job with water, perlite, vermiculite or other
suitable mineral aggregate. _____________ plaster is used
when weight is important, and for fire-proofing other materials
such as steel. Applied on lath. For interior use only

Answer 21

Lightweight gypsum plaster, fire-resistant plaster.

Question 22

Plaster of Paris mixed with alum or borax or
other materials and burned (calcined) at 932F. Mixed on the
job with water, lime putty and fine white sand as hard finish for
two and three-coat gypsum plaster. For interior use only

Answer 22

Keene’s cement

Question 23

For ornamental plaster work and castings

Answer 23

Plaster of Paris

Question 24

For ornamental plaster work and castings. Mix
with water as per manufacturer’s directions

Answer 24

Molding plaster
.

Question 25

For acoustic treatment of interior walls and ceilings. Applied on gypsum plaster base coats. Mix with water as per manufacturer’s directions

Answer 25

Acoustics plaster

Question 26

Mixed with water, sand and lime putty. Used for two and three coat finish surfaces for exterior and interior walls and ceilings

Answer 26

Portland Cement Plaster

Question 27

is highly decorative type of plaster work developed in Italy during the Renaissance. This type of technique consists of applying two or three thin coats of plaster different colors and then cutting away certain areas of one or two coats to produce a three-dimensional colored design.

Answer 27

Sgraffito

Question 28

is a built-up construction or combination of building materials as clay, concrete, or stone set in mortar; or plain concrete.

Answer 28

Masonry

Question 29

The horizontal surfaces on which the stones or bricks of walls lie in the courses.

Answer 29

Bed

Question 30

– A continuous layer of bricks, stones, or other masonry units

Answer 30

Course

Question 31

Each continuous, vertical section of the wall, one masonry unit thick

Answer 31

Wythe or Tier

Question 32

That connection between bricks, stones or other masonry units formed by lapping them one upon another carrying up the work, so as to form an inseparable mass of building, by preventing the vertical joints falling over each other (also called a breaking joint)

Answer 32

Bond

Question 33

A brick or block masonry laid lengthwise of a wall

Answer 33

Stretcher

Question 34

A brick or block masonry extending over the thickness of the wall

Answer 34

Header

Question 35

A course in which the bricks or other masonry units are all headers.

Answer 35

Heading course

Question 36

A unit laid on its end with its face perpendicular to the face of the wall.

Answer 36

Soldier

Question 37

The corner stones at the angles of buildings, usually rusticated so as to project from the normal surface of the wall.

Answer 37

Quoins

Question 38

Stones running through the thickness of the wall at right angles to its face, in order to bind it together

Answer 38

Bond Stones–

Question 39

A course of stones placed on top of cornice crowning the walls

Answer 39

Blocking or Blocking Course

Question 40

together with wood and clay, are the basic building material of man.

Answer 40

STONE

Question 41

Stone delivered from the quarries rough and irregular shape.

Answer 41

Rubble Stone.

Question 42

Stone cut into specific size, squared to dimensions, and to a specific thickness

Answer 42

Dimension Stone.

Question 43

Masonry of rough, undressed stones.

Answer 43

Rubble work.

Question 44

When only the roughest irregularities are knocked off, it is called _______

Answer 44

scabbled rubble

Question 45

when the stones in each course are rudely dressed to a nearly uniform height,

Answer 45

range rubble

Question 46

Stones fitted together at random without any attempt to lay them in course.

Answer 46

Random work.

Question 47

Squared stones in regular courses, in contradistinction to rubble work .

Answer 47

Ashlar

Question 48

Uniform courses with stones uniform in size.

Answer 48

Ranged work or coursed ashlar

Question 49

Course laid with the horizontal joints uninterrupted but the width of the courses and the length of the stones are varied to produce a wall with a less regular pattern.

Answer 49

Broken range ashlar–

Question 50

their rectangular shape and are laid on horizontal beds but no effort is made to continue the horizontal beds through in an uninterrupted manner. Large stones combine with small ones in a convenient and, if possible, an interesting manner.

Answer 50

Random course

Question 51

Courses of stone face which is jagged, so as to present a rough surface

Answer 51

Rustic or Rock work

Question 52

occurs when heavier stones or areas of stone project from the normal face of the surrounding wall or of the joint themselves

Answer 52

Rustication

Question 53

are structural units of clay or shale formed while plastic and subsequently fired.

Answer 53

BRICKS

Question 54

Used for all purposes, including facing

Answer 54

Common or building brick.

Question 55

Specially processed to give certain specific surface characteristics. Used for exposed masonry surfaces

Answer 55

Facing brick.

Question 56

These have a smooth outer surface with a dull satin or high gloss finish. They are load bearing, fire resisting, and impervious. They are usually formed with vertical hollow cores through the body with scoring on the back.

Answer 56

Glazed brick.

Question 57

These are ordinarily made from a mixture of flint clay and plastic clay, and are used for the lining of furnaces, fireplaces, and chimneys

Answer 57

Fire (refractory) brick

Question 58

Consists of five stretcher courses and then a header course. It is generally begun with a row of headers at the bottom course

Answer 58

Common Bond.

Question 59

Consists of alternate courses of stretchers and headers

Answer 59

English Bond.

Question 60

Consists of alternate headers and stretchers in each course

Answer 60

Flemish Bond.

Question 61

The bricks are laid diagonally to form a herring bone pattern.

Answer 61

Herringbone

Question 62

Mortar joints between brick courses are usually from

Answer 62

4.5mm (3/16”) to 12mm (½”).

Question 63

is a hollow masonry unit, with two or three cells or cores, made of the following ingredients: water, Portland cement, and various types of aggregate such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone

Answer 63

Concrete Hollow Block (CHB)

Question 64

Standard CHB sizes are from thicknesses of

Answer 64

00mm (4”), 150mm (6”) and 200mm (8”) x height of 200mm (8”) x length of 400mm (16”).

Question 65

CHB of ___________ should be used only for interior partition walls where weather-tightness is not required.

Answer 65

CHB of 100mm (4”) thickness

Question 66

The different types of concrete hollow block include:

Answer 66

stretchers, headers, corner blocks, jamb blocks, beam or lintel blocks

Question 67

should be laid on a full bed of mortar with horizontal and vertical joints 10mm (3/8”) thick.

Answer 67

CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCK

Question 68

is lightweight block made from fiber and cement.

Answer 68

“DURISOL” BLOCK

Question 69

also known as gypsum partition blocks, are usually made of gypsum, vegetable fibers as binders, and reinforcement.

Answer 69

PLASTER BLOCK

Question 70

are hollow masonry units, open at two ends with interior webs or partitions 19mm (¾”) to 25mm (1”) dividing the block into longitudinal cells.

Answer 70

STRUCTURAL CLAY TILE

Question 71

Stone commonly used for architectural purposes include:

Answer 71

Granite, marble, travertine, limestone, sandstone, slate

Question 72

The different types of concrete hollow block include:

Answer 72

Stretchers, headers, corner blocks, jamb blocks, beam or lintel blocks

Question 73

Structural clay tile is classified into:

Answer 73

Load-bearing wall tile and Non-load bearing, fireproofing, partition, and furring tile.