MASONRY

Question 1

a proportioned mixture of siliceous materials (sand, crushed stone) and cement (lime, Portland) which, after being prepared in a plastic state with water, hardens into a stonelike mass.

Answer 1

Mortars and Plasters

Question 2

is cement mix used to glue masonry units to each other, or other surface finishing materials like tiles, bricks, stones to a receiving structure like a wall or floor.

Answer 2

Mortars

Question 3

is mortar applied to wall surfaces as a preparation or a hard finish coat.

Answer 3

Plaster

Question 4

is a proportioned mixture of cement, fine aggregate and water.

Answer 4

Cement Mortar

Question 5

1 part of cement should be added to not more than 3 parts of sand.

Answer 5

First-Class Mortars

Question 6

1 : 4 will be much stronger than lime mortar.

Answer 6

Rubble Stonework

Question 7

use 1 : 1 to 1-1/2.

Answer 7

Top Surface of Floors and Walks

Question 8

is a mortar of cementitious material ( lime, gypsum or cement), sand and water which is applied in coats (layers) to masonry surfaces, lath or various types of plaster board to give a hard finish surface to interior or exterior walls and ceilings.

Answer 8

Plaster

Question 9

called scratch coat

Answer 9

First Binding Coat

Question 10

called the brown-coat

Answer 10

Second Straightening Coat

Question 11

called the finish coat

Answer 11

Final Coat

Question 12

In the two-coat work, the ________ and ______ coats are combined into one.

Answer 12

Scratch and Brown

Question 13

Types of Plaster

Answer 13

Lime Putty, Gypsum Plaster, Portland Cement Plaster, Sgrafitto

Question 14

Types of Gypsum Plaster

Answer 14

High-Strength Gypsum Plaster, Fibered Gypsum Plaster, Prepared Gypsum Plaster, Bonding Plaster, Lightweight Gypsum Plaster (Fire Resistant Plaster), Keene’s Cement, Plaster of Paris, Molding Plaster, Acoustic Plaster

Question 15

mixed on the job with sand and gypsum plaster, used for two and three-coat finish surfaces for interior walls and ceilings.

Answer 15

Lime Putty

Question 16

Plaster of Paris mixed with clay, lime and other materials in combinations covered by trademarks or
patents.

Answer 16

Gypsum Plaster

Question 17

Same as gypsum plaster but mixed to meet established standards.

Answer 17

High-Strength Gypsum Plaster

Question 18

Gypsum plaster premixed with fibers. Mixed on the job with water and sand for scratch coat for three-coat plastering job

Answer 18

Fibered Gypsum Plaster

Question 19

Gypsum plaster mixed with fine white sand. Used for two and three-coat finish surfaces for interior walls and ceilings.

Answer 19

Prepared Gypsum Plaster

Question 20

Gypsum plaster mixed with ingredients develop more adhesive strength in combinations covered by trademarks or patents.

Answer 20

Bonding Plaster

Question 21

Gypsum plaster mixed on the job with water, perlite, vermiculite or other suitable mineral aggregate.

Answer 21

Lightweight gypsum plaster, fire-resistant plaster

Question 22

Plaster of Paris mixed with alum or borax or other materials and burned (calcined) at 932F.

Answer 22

Keene’s Cement

Question 23

For ornamental plaster work and castings.

Answer 23

Plaster of Paris

Question 24

For ornamental plaster work and castings. Mix with water as per manufacturer’s directions.

Answer 24

Molding Plaster

Question 25

For acoustic treatment of interior walls and ceilings. Applied on gypsum plaster base coats. Mix with water as per manufacturer’s directions.

Answer 25

Acoustics Plaster

Question 26

Mixed with water, sand and lime putty. Used for two and three-coat finish surfaces for exterior and interior walls and ceiling

Answer 26

Portland Cement Plaster

Question 27

This type of technique consists of applying two or three thin coats of plaster different colors and then cutting away certain areas of one or two coats to produce a three-dimensional colored design.

Answer 27

Sgraffito

Question 28

The horizontal surfaces on which the stones or bricks of walls lie in the courses.

Answer 28

Bed

Question 29

A continuous layer of bricks, stones, or other masonry units

Answer 29

Course

Question 30

Each continuous, vertical section of the wall, one masonry unit thick.

Answer 30

Wythe or Tier

Question 31

That connection between bricks, stones or other masonry units formed by lapping them one upon another carrying up the work, so as to form an inseparable mass of building, by preventing the vertical joints falling over each other (also called a breaking joint).

Answer 31

Bond

Question 32

A brick or block masonry laid lengthwise of a wall

Answer 32

Stretcher

Question 33

A brick or block masonry extending over the thickness of the wall

Answer 33

Header

Question 34

A course in which the bricks or other masonry units are all headers.

Answer 34

Heading Course

Question 35

A unit laid on its end with its face perpendicular to the face of the wall.

Answer 35

Soldier

Question 36

The corner stones at the angles of buildings, usually rusticated so as to project from the normal surface of the wall.

Answer 36

Quoins

Question 37

Stones running through the thickness of the wall at right angles to its face, in order to bind it together.

Answer 37

Bond Stones

Question 38

A course of stones placed on top of cornice crowning the walls

Answer 38

Blocking or Blocking Course

Question 39

was the structural material, the exterior and interior finishing material, the flooring material and in many cases the roofing material.

Answer 39

Stone

Question 40

Stone commonly used for architectural purposes

Answer 40

Granite, Limestone, Marble, Sandstone, Travertine, Slate

Question 41

Stone delivered from the quarries rough and irregular shape.

Answer 41

Rubble Stone

Question 42

Stone cut into specific size, squared to dimensions, and to a specific thickness

Answer 42

Dimension Stone

Question 43

Masonry of rough, undressed stones.

Answer 43

Rubble Work

Question 44

When only the roughest irregularities are knocked off

Answer 44

Scabbled Rubble

Question 45

when the stones in each course are rudely dressed to a nearly uniform height,

Answer 45

Range Rubble

Question 46

Stones fitted together at random without any attempt to lay them in course.

Answer 46

Random Work

Question 47

Squared stones in regular courses, in contradistinction to rubble work .

Answer 47

Ashlar

Question 48

Uniform courses with stones uniform in size.

Answer 48

Ranged Work or Coursed Ashlar

Question 49

Course laid with the horizontal joints uninterrupted but the width of the courses and the length of the stones are varied to produce a wall with a less regular pattern

Answer 49

Broken Range Ashlar

Question 50

their rectangular shape and are laid on horizontal beds but no effort is made to continue the horizontal beds through in an uninterrupted manner.

Answer 50

Random Course

Question 51

Courses of stone face which is jagged, so as to present a rough surface.

Answer 51

Rustic or Rock Work

Question 52

occurs when heavier stones or areas of stone project from the normal face of the surrounding wall or of the joint themselves

Answer 52

Rustification

Question 53

are structural units of clay or shale formed while plastic and subsequently fired.

Answer 53

Bricks

Question 54

After moulding, the bricks are dried and then burned in kilns for many hours at high temperatures, approximately ______.

Answer 54

2000F

Question 55

Standard size of brick

Answer 55

3-3/4” x 2-1/4” x 8”

Question 56

The types of bricks most frequently used in architecture

Answer 56

Common or Building Bricks, Facing Bricks, Glazed Bricks, Fire (Refactory) Bricks

Question 57

Used for all purposes, including facing

Answer 57

Common or Building brick

Question 58

Specially processed to give certain specific surface characteristics. Used for exposed masonry surfaces.

Answer 58

Facing Bricks

Question 59

They are load bearing, fire resisting, and impervious. They are usually formed with vertical hollow cores through the body with scoring on the back

Answer 59

Glazed brick

Question 60

These are ordinarily made from a mixture of flint clay and plastic clay, and are used for the lining of furnaces, fireplaces, and chimneys

Answer 60

Fire (Refactory) Brick

Question 61

Types of Brick work

Answer 61

Common Bond, English Bond, Flemish Bond, Herringbone

Question 62

Consists of five stretcher courses and then a header course. It is generally begun with a row of headers at the bottom course

Answer 62

Common Bond

Question 63

Consists of alternate courses of stretchers and headers.

Answer 63

English Bond

Question 64

Consists of alternate headers and stretchers in each course

Answer 64

Flemish Bond

Question 65

The bricks are laid diagonally to form a herring-bone pattern.

Answer 65

Herringbone

Question 66

Mortar joints between brick courses are usually from

Answer 66

4.5mm (3/16”) to 12mm (½”).

Question 67

is a hollow masonry unit, with two or three cells or cores, made of the following ingredients: water, Portland cement, and various types of aggregate such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone.

Answer 67

Concrete Hollow Block (CHB)

Question 68

Standard CHB sizes

Answer 68

thicknesses of 100mm (4”), 150mm (6”) and 200mm (8”) x height of 200mm (8”) x length of 400mm (16”).

Question 69

CHB of 100mm (4”) thickness should be used only for ________ where weather-tightness is not required.

Answer 69

interior partition walls

Question 70

different types of concrete hollow block

Answer 70

Stretcher, Corner Blocks, Beam or Lintel Blocks, Header, Jamb Blocks

Question 71

is lightweight block made from fiber and cement.

Answer 71

DURISOL Block

Question 72

also known as gypsum partition blocks, are usually made of gypsum, vegetable fibers as binders, and reinforcement.

Answer 72

Plaster Block

Question 73

Gypsum hollow blocks are manufactured in units of

Answer 73

75mm (3”), 100mm (4”) or 150mm ( 6”) thicknesses, x 300mm (12”) height x 700mm (30”) length

Question 74

Gypsum solid block is manufactured only with a ______ thickness

Answer 74

50mm (2”) thickness

Question 75

are hollow masonry units, open at two ends with interior webs or partitions 19mm (¾”) to 25mm (1”) dividing the block into longitudinal cells.

Answer 75

Structural Clay Tile

Question 76

Structural clay tile is classified into:

Answer 76

Load Bearing wall tile, Non-load bearing (Fireproofing, partition, and furring tile)

Question 77

Dimensions of the Load Bearing Structural Clay Tile

Answer 77

300mm x 300mm x 300mm (12” x 12” x 12”)

Question 78

Dimensions of the Non-Load Bearing Structural Clay Tile

Answer 78

100mm (4”) or 125mm (5”) x 200mm x 300mm