Mass Transport

Question 1

Give the pathway a red blood cell takes when travelling in the human circulatory system from a kidney to the lungs.

Answer 1

1. Renal vein;
2. Vena cava to right atrium;
3. Right ventricle to pulmonary artery;

Question 2

Tissue fluid is formed at the artériole end of a capillary bed. Explain how water from tissue fluid is returned to the capillary bed

Answer 2

1. (Plasma) proteins remain;
2. Reduces water potential (of blood);
3. Water moves (to blood) by osmosis;
   4 Returns (to blood) by lymphatic system;

Question 3

What is stroke volume?

Answer 3

the volume of blood pumped in a
single heart beat

Question 4

Binding of one molecule of oxygen to haemoglobin makes it easier for a second oxygen molecule to bind. Explain why

Answer 4

Changes tertiary structures of the haemoglobin molecule
Uncovers another haem group binding site

Question 5

Describe the advantage of the Bohr effect during intense exercise

Answer 5

Increases dissociation of oxygen for aerobic respiration at tissues

Question 6

Describe 2 precautions a student should take when clearing away after a dissection

Answer 6

Disinfect work top
Hold sharp instruments away from body

Question 7

Describe how an artériole can reduce the blood flow into capillaries

Answer 7

Muscle contracts
Narrows lumen of artériole

Question 8

What does a far left oxygen dissociation curve mean?

Answer 8

The further left the curve, the higher the haemoglobin affinity for oxygen