Mastery Terms #10

Question 0

Asexual reproduction

Answer 0

Process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent

Question 1

Cell division

Answer 1

Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells

Question 2

Sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism

Question 3

Chromosomes

Answer 3

Threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information that is passed on from one generation to the next

Question 4

Chromatin

Answer 4

Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones

Question 5

Cell cycle

Answer 5

Series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells

Question 6

Interphase

Answer 6

Peroid of the cell cycle between cell divisions

Question 7

Mitosis

Answer 7

Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides

Question 8

Cytokinesis

Answer 8

Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells

Question 9

Prophase

Answer 9

First and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible

Question 10

Centromere

Answer 10

Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach

Question 11

Chromatid

Answer 11

One of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome

Question 12

Centrioles

Answer 12

Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division

Question 13

Metaphase

Answer 13

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell

Question 14

Anaphase

Answer 14

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell

Question 15

Telophase

Answer 15

Phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin

Question 16

Cyclin

Answer 16

One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells

Question 17

Growth factor

Answer 17

One of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells

Question 18

Apotosis

Answer 18

The process of programmed cell death

Question 19

Cancer

Answer 19

Disorder in which some of the body’s cells lose the ability to control growth

Question 20

Tumor

Answer 20

Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue

Question 21

Embryo

Answer 21

Developing stage of a multicellular organism

Question 22

Toipotent

Answer 22

Cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body (including the cells that make up the extraembryonic membranes and placenta)

Question 23

Blastocyst

Answer 23

Stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells

Question 24

Pluriponet

Answer 24

Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body’s cell types

Question 25

Stem cells

Answer 25

Unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells

Question 26

Multipotent

Answer 26

Cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells