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Infectious Diseases > Mastitis pathogens > Flashcards

Mastitis pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different grades of mastitis?

A

*Sub-clinical
*Grade 1 - mild
*Grade 2A - acute
*Grade 2C - chronic
*Grade 3 - gangrenous mastitis

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2
Q

What are the contagious pathogens?

A

*Staphylococcus aureus
*Streptococcus dysgalactaie
*Streptococcus agalactiae
*Coagulase negative Staph. spp
*Mycoplasma spp.

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3
Q

What are the environmental pathogens?

A

*Streptococcus uberis but also cow adapted strains
(contagious)
*Coliforms e.g. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae

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4
Q

How can you identify a bacterial infectioin?

A

*Culture
*PCR

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5
Q

What are the reasons for sample failure?

A
  • Contamination
  • Testing panel
  • Not shedding
  • Poor storage/handling
  • Unknown pathogen
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6
Q

What are the features of Staph. aureus?

A
  • Gram positive cocci
  • Coagulase positive
  • On blood agar, white colonies with a ring of haemolysis
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7
Q

How do you control Staph. aureus?

A

1 *Prevent introduction of new infection
2 Reduce existing infection in herd:
* Treat cases
* Cull chronic cases
* Dry Cow Therapy
3Prevent spread within herd
* Milking parlour
*Wear Gloves
*No common udder cloths/ wipes
*Early detection and treatment
*Post milking teat disinfection
*Milking order

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8
Q

What are the features of Strep agalactiae?

A
  • Gram positive cocci
  • Non-haemolytic
  • Very small pin prick
    colonies
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9
Q

What grade of mastitis is strep agalactiae?

A

*Subclinical
*Grade 1 & 2

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10
Q

What pathogens are resistant to penicillin?

A

*Staph aureus
*Mycoplasma

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11
Q

What pathogens are treated by penicillin?

A

*Strep agalactiae
*Strep dysgalactiae
*Coagulase Negative Staphylococci

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12
Q

What are the features of strep dysgalactiae?

A
  • Gram positive coccus
  • Small pin point colonies
    on Edwards Medium
    Partial Haemolysis
    Green Zone
  • Alpha haemolysis
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13
Q

What is a source of infection in strep dysgalactiae?

A

*Udder, teat skin particularly when skin damaged, tonsils
and so cows and heifers licking each others teats
important

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14
Q

What are features of Mycoplasma species?

A
  • Often produce marked milk drop and swollen quarter
    although the cow is not systemically ill
  • Highly contagious in parlour , aerosol spread and
    haematogenous
    *SHED FOR MONTHS AND MAYBE LIFE
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15
Q

Why shouldn’t you feed mycoplasma contaminated milk to calves?

A

*Pneumonia
*Otitis

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16
Q

How do you control Mycoplasma infection?

A

– affected cows often culled
– milking order (affected cows milked last)
– Disinfect cluster thoroughly etc. to stop spread

17
Q

What are the features of E.coli?

A
  • Blood agar forms
    creamy white colonies
  • Haemolytic and non
    haemolytic
  • Gram negative rods
18
Q

Where do cattle pick up E.coli from?

A

*bovine faeces
* Housed = risk factor
* Build up of infection over housing period

19
Q

What are the clinical signs of Grade 1, 2A and 3 of E.coli mastitis?

A

Grade 1
clots in milk (self cure)
Grade 2A
clots in milk, hard hot painful quarter
Grade 3 - COMMON
Very sick cow, endotoxaemic shock (usually post calving peri-parturient immunosuppression) udder variable can be cold or hot, hard or soft,
Milk varies from clots to blood
Important differential for downer cow post calving

20
Q

How do you control E.coli mastitis?

A
  • Infection particularly common in dry period and early lactation
  • Pre-milking teat preparation– Remove the muck!
  • Loafing times post milking
  • Appropriate Dry Cow Therapy
  • Vaccination – “Startvac”
21
Q

What are the features of Streptococcus uberis?

A
  • Non haemolytic
  • Brown colonies on
    Edwards medium
  • Gram positive
22
Q

What is the source of strep uberis?

A

Bovine faeces
* Straw yard housing
* Straw bedded cubicles
* Muddy fields at end of summer / crowded shade

23
Q

How do you control strep uberis?

A

– Pre-milking teat preparation
– Milking order
– Cull chronic cases
– Dry Cow Therapy

24
Q

What are examples of other environmental pathogens?

A
  • Klebsiella spp
  • Bacillus cereus and licheniformis
  • Pseudomonas spp
  • Yeasts (Candida spp)
25
Q

What does summer mastitis tend to affect?

A
  • Typically affects DRY cows and HEIFERS OUT DOORS IN SUMMER in fields
    *but is also seen occasionally in
    steers and bulls and can occur in housed cows in
    winter
26
Q

What are the pathogens of summer mastitis?

A

*T. pyogenes
*Peptococcus indolicus *Strep dysgalactiae
*Bacteriodes melaninogenicus
*Fusiformus necrophorum

27
Q

What is the fly that spreads summer mastitis?

A

Hydrotea irritans
Sheep head fly

28
Q

What is the typical clinical sign of summer mastitis?

A

*Hot, hard, swollen, painful udder
*Cow may also be lame + systemically ill

29
Q

What is the milking order to minimise mastitis transmission?

A
  • 1st parity heifers first
  • Healthy cows next (SCC low)
  • High SCC cows
  • Cows with clinical mastitis

Infectious Diseases (20 decks)

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