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Design Year 1 > Material Properties > Flashcards

Material Properties Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mechanical property?

A

properties associated with how a material reacts to an external force

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2
Q

What is a physical property?

A

Properties associated with the actual make up or structure of a material

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3
Q

What is compressive strength?

A

ability of a material to withstand being crushed

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4
Q

What is tensile strength?

A

ability of a material to resist stretching or pulling forces

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5
Q

What is bending strength?

A

ability of a material to resist forces that may bend the material

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6
Q

Another name for bending strength

A

flexural strength

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7
Q

What is shear strength?

A

ability of a material to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane

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8
Q

What is torsional strength?

A

ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torque or torsion

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9
Q

What is hardness

A

ability to resist surface wear such as scratching, surface indentation or cutting

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10
Q

what is toughness

A

ability to absorb impact force without fracture

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11
Q

what is plasticity

A

ability to be permanently deformed and retain deformed shape

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12
Q

What is ductility

A

ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing cross sectional area without cracking

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13
Q

what is malleability

A

ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking

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14
Q

what is elasticity

A

ability to be deformed and return to original shape when force removed

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15
Q

How many mechanical properties are there (to learn)

A

11:
shear strength
bending strength
malleability
elasticity
plasticity
ductility
tensile strength
compressive strength
torsional strength
hardness
toughness

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16
Q

How many physical properties (to learn)

A

12:
thermal insulator
thermal conductor
thermal expansion
electrical conductor
electrical insulator
corrosion resistance
magnetism
fusibility
density
translucent
opaque
Transparent

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17
Q

What is density

A

mass per unit volume of a material

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18
Q

what is fusibility

A

ability to be converted from a solid to a liquid by heat

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19
Q

what is magnetism

A

natural force between materials that causes the material to attract iron/steel

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20
Q

what is corrosion resistance

A

ability to withstand environmental attack and decay e.g. rust

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21
Q

what is an electrical conductor

A

good electrical flow of current through material

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22
Q

examples of good electrical conductors

A

silver
gold
copper
aluminium

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23
Q

What is an electrical insulator

A

no electric flow of current through material

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24
Q

example of good electrical insulators

A

plastic
rubber
cloth
glass
wood

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25
what is a thermal conductor
allows the transfer of heat through the material
26
what is a thermal insulator
prevents the transfer of heat through the material
27
what is thermal expansion
Increase in material volume in response to heat input
28
what is an opaque material
prevents light from travelling through
29
what is a translucent material
allows light through but diffuses light so objects seem blurred
30
what is a transparent material
allows light to pass through easily
31
Compressive strength examples (7)
Glass concrete ceramics diamond GRP CFRP tungsten
32
Now chill for a bit
https://www.facebook.com/officialhpc/videos/hydraulic-press-insane-moments/576257311070207/
33
Tensile strength examples (4)
natural rubber steel mesh reinforced concrete kevlar tungsten
34
Bending strength examples (1)
fibre reinforced concrete
35
Shear strength examples (4)
mild steel concrete aluminium shear walls
36
torsional strength examples (1)
CFRP
37
hardness examples (11)
teak oak beech stainless steel titanium tungsten high speed steel MF MF laminate fibre cement natural rubber
38
toughness examples (13)
copper teak oak beech ash low carbon steel larch bronze HDPE stainless steel PP HIPs medium carbon steel
39
plasticity examples (4)
thermoplastics metals-not cast iron SMAs polymorph
40
ductility examples (8)
silver gold copper bronze tin nylon aluminium low carbon steel
41
malleability examples (10)
SMA precious metal clay pewter silver gold duralumin copper thermoplastics polymorph tin
42
elasticity examples (4)
elastomers nylon PVC nitinol
43
What is important when testing materials (and examples)
variables kept constant e.g. size of material force applied individual carrying out tests environmental conditions testing equipment
44
Testing tensile strength P
-clamp material in vice -apply load to end -measure deflection of material with a Vernier calliper
45
Testing Toughness P
-material clamped in vice -hit it with a hammer -tough materials absorb impact -brittle materials shatter or bend
46
Testing hardness P
Abrasive wear tested by- running file over material and material with fewest scratches is hardest Resistance to surface indentation tested with dot punch and hammer
47
Testing malleability and ductility P
-secure into vice -try to bend 90 degrees -cracks on the outside=poor ductility -cracks on inside=poor malleability
48
Testing corrosion P
leave material outside for certain length of time inspect for surface corrosion
49
Testing electrical conductivity P
-current passed across material -multimeter measures electrical resistance
50
testing thermal conductivity P
-bunsen burner one end and thermometer other -time how long it takes for material to reach certain temperature
51
Testing tensile strength I
-Tensometer machine -material between two grips -stretched and force and distance travelled recorded to get data on: elastic limit yield point max load breaking point
52
Testing toughness I
-Izod impact test -test piece held in vice -pendulum released and strikes material -energy absorbed calculated from height pendulum is dropped from
53
Testing Hardness I types
Rockwell test, Vickers test, Brinell test
54
Rockwell test
diamond indented pressed on material with preload (to break surface) then load. Distance between preload and load measured
55
Brinell test
spherical indenter pressed on material and SA of indent measured (hardness=F/A)
56
Vickers test
diamond pyramid indenter pressed on material and SA measured
57
Ultrasonic testing I
transducer (?) generates sound waves and pulsed into material, intensity of waves recorded. Cracks will partially reflect sound waves
58
X ray testing I
X ray beam passed through material. X rays allow observations of tiny details within material
59
Electrical conductivity test I (vague though because I don't know if it is correct)
two loops of wire on material. current sent through outer loop and drop in voltage measured in inner loop. ohm's law used to measure resistance
60
thermal conductivity test I
material placed between temperature controlled plates. sensor measures & records rate of thermal conductivity
61
Ductility and malleability test I
piece put in bending machine. plunger/mandrel bends to certain angle. cracks on outer bend-poor ductility cracks on inner bend- poor malleability

Design Year 1 (8 decks)

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