Material properties definition (part of 1.1) Flashcards

1
Q

Mechanical properties
definiton

A

how a material reacts to an external force

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2
Q

physical properties
definition

A

the actual make-up or structure of the material

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3
Q

mechanical properties
types

A

compressive strength
tensile strength
bending strength
shear strength
torsional strength
hardness
toughness
plasticity
ductility
malleability
elasticity

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4
Q

physical properties
types

A

density
fusibility
magnetism
corrosion/degradation res.
ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES:
Electrical conductor
electrical insulator

THERMAL PROPERTIES
thermal conductor
thermal insulator
thermal expansion

OPTICAL PROPERTIES
opaque
translucent
transparent

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5
Q

compressive strength

A

ability to withstand being crushed or shortened by pushing forces (compression)

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6
Q

tensile strength

A

ability to resist stretching or pulling forces (tension)

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7
Q

Bending strength

A

ability to resist forces that may bend the material

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8
Q

shear strength

A

ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane

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9
Q

torsional strength

A

ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torque or torsion

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10
Q

hardness

A

ability to resist abrasive wear such as scratching, surface indentation or cutting

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11
Q

toughness

A

the ability to absorb impact force without fracture

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12
Q

plasticity

A

ability to be permanently deformed (shaped) and retain the deformed shape

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13
Q

ductility

A

ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing the cross-sectional area without cracking, for example stretching a material into a wire.

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14
Q

malleability

A

the ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking; malleability increases with a rise in temperature

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15
Q

elasticity

A

the ability to be deformed and then return to the original shape when the force is removed

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16
Q

density

A

the mass of the material in a standard volume of space

17
Q

fusibility

A

ability of the material to be fused or converted from a solid to a liquid or molten state, usually by heat.

Good fusibility is an essential property for a metal being cast

18
Q

magnetism

A

the natural force between objects that causes the material to attract iron or steels.

19
Q

Corrosion / degradation resistance

A

ability of the material to withstand environmental attack and decay

20
Q

Electrical conductor

A

allows the flow of electrical current through the material.

A good conductor gives very little resistance to the flow of charge

21
Q

electrical insulator

A

does not allow the flow of electricity through the material

22
Q

thermal conductor

A

allows the transfer of heat energy through the material.

A material with high thermal conductivity allows the transfer of heat to occur quickly across the material

23
Q

thermal insulator

A

prevents the transfer of heat through the material

24
Q

thermal expansion

A

the increase in material volume in response to a heat input.

25
Q

opaque

A

(OPTICAL)
prevents light from travelling through

26
Q

translucent

A

allows light through but diffuses the light so that objects appear blurred; frosted glass is an example

27
Q

Transparent

A

Allows light to pass through easily, which means you can see clearly through the material