materials

Question 1

what are the 3 groups of metals

Answer 1

• ferrous
• non ferrous
• alloys

Question 2

what are ferrous metals

Answer 2

metals found in rock haematite (earths crust)

• contain iron
• usually magnetic
• will rust

Question 3

what are non ferrous metals

Answer 3

metals found in ores (earths crust)

• dont contain iron
• not magnetic
• won’t rust
• malleable

Question 4

what is an alloy

Answer 4

mixture of 2 or more metals combined to improve mechanical/ physical property of original metal

Question 5

types of non ferrous metals

Answer 5

• aluminium
• copper
• zinc
• tin

Question 6

aluminium

Answer 6

• lightweight
• soft
• ductile + malleable
• used extensively in aircraft, canned drinks, bike frames

Question 7

copper

Answer 7

• ductile + malleable
• thermal + electrical conductor
• easily soldered
• resistant to corrosion
• used extensively in plumbing for pipes and fittings
• used in manufacture of wire

Question 8

zinc

Answer 8

• resistant to corrosion
• low melting point
• easily worked
• weak like a pure metal
• used as coating on steel to protect against corrosion
• used in die casting

Question 9

tin

Answer 9

• resistant to corrosion
• has low melting point
• easily worked
• weak like pure metal
• used as coating on steel to protect from corrosion
• used as coating on food cans
• also used in soft solder

Question 10

what are boards measured in

Answer 10

microns

- 1000 microns = 1mm

Question 11

corrugated cardboard

Answer 11

appearance 
- natural brown board finished with 1 or 2 sides w bonded paper
characteristics
- lightweight, rigid
- insulative 
- easily printed on 
- perpendicular to corrugation
uses
- packaging boxes and impact protection

Question 12

duplex board

Answer 12

appearance
- 2 layers of card bonded together 
- often white external layer 
characteristics
- stiff, lightweight 
- coatings to improve functionality 
uses
- given waxy coating and used for food/ drink containers

Question 13

foil lined board

Answer 13

appearance
- white card coated in aluminium foil (1 side)
characteristics
- foil reflects heat, water and oil
- resistant coating enabled food/ liquid based products to be contained
uses
- takeaway container lids

Question 14

foam core board

Answer 14

appearance
- smooth board surface on each side
- foam and inner corners have limited ranged of colours and thickness
characteristics
- 3 -10mm thick
- lightweight, rigid in all directions 
- crease/ crack under pressure 
uses
- architectural models 
- model making/ prototyping
- mounting/ framing frames onto wall

Question 15

ink jet card

Answer 15

appearance
- bright white card treated w smooth finish (matt and gloss)
characteristics
- treated to hold high quality photographic images
- ink dries onto surface to create deep colours
uses
- high quality photographic images

Question 16

solid white board

Answer 16

appearance
- high quality board
- bright white
- smooth finish on both sides
characteristics
- holds colour well
easily cut or creased
uses
- greeting cards
- packaging
- hot foil stamping and embossing

Question 17

manufactured boards

Answer 17

man made boards, come in large sizes, often flat and stable -manufactured into large boards by lamination or compression

Question 18

advantages of natural timber

Answer 18

• available in large sheets (8ft x 4ft)
• stable, less likely to warp, twist, shrink or bow
• smooth, flat surface
• suited to CNC machining

Question 19

types of manufacture boards

Answer 19

• MDF
• plywood
• chipboard

Question 20

MDF

Answer 20

description
- compressed fine wood fibres bonded with resin 
properties
- relatively inexpensive 
- has flat smooth surface

Question 21

plywood

Answer 21

description
- wood veneers glued together with alternating grain 
properties
- very strong 
- flat smooth surface

Question 22

chipboard

Answer 22

description
- wood chips bonded together with resin
properties
- inexpensive construction material

Question 23

what are hardwoods

Answer 23

come from deciduous trees and are generally hard and durable, more expensive and take longer to grow than softwoods

Question 24

softwoods

Answer 24

come from coniferous trees that are relatively fast growing , more sustainable than hardwoods

Question 25

what is timber

Answer 25

a natural and renewable product -

Question 26

what are the 2 groups of natural timber

Answer 26

- softwoods | - hardwoods

Question 27

types of hardwoods

Answer 27

- ash - beech - mahogany - oak - balsa

Question 28

ash

Answer 28

``` properties - tough + flexible - wide grained - finishes well common uses - sports equipment - ladders ```

Question 29

beech

Answer 29

``` properties - hard and strong - close grain - prone to warping and splitting common uses - furniture - kids toys - workshop tools + bench tops ```

Question 30

mahogany

Answer 30

``` properties - strong and durable - available in wide planks - fairly easy to work out but can have interlocking grain common uses - good quality furniture - panelling - veneers ```

Question 31

oak

Answer 31

``` properties - hard, tough, durable - open grain - can be finished to a high standard common uses - timber framed buildings - high quality furniture - flooring ```

Question 32

balsa

Answer 32

``` properties - strong and durable - lightweight - easy to work with common uses - model making - floats and rafts ```

Question 33

types of softwood

Answer 33

- larch - pine - spruce

Question 34

larch

Answer 34

properties - reddish colour - tough but easy to work - naturally resistant to rot

Question 35

pine

Answer 35

``` properties - straight grained - light yellow colour - soft and easy to work - quite knotty common uses - interior joinery - furniture - window frames ```

Question 36

spruce

Answer 36

``` properties - creamy white colour - easy to work with, small knots - lightweight, good resistant properties common uses - bedroom furniture - stringed musical instrument ```

Question 37

standard components on wood

Answer 37

- used to assist in joining materials together, increase strength of structure, add functionality - in timber, most components create a non-permanent joining methods meaning product can be taken apart without damage

Question 38

types of standard components

Answer 38

- screws - nails - nuts - bolts - hinges - knockdown fittings

Question 39

advantages of standard components

Answer 39

- saves prep time - fewer production steps - less human effort and skill required - less machinery/ equipment needed - good quality - saves money (all aspects) - can be bought in bulk - high quality consistency

Question 40

blended and mixed fibres

Answer 40

fabrics containing more than 1 fibre - blending achieved by spinning 2 or more fibres to make yarn - will be produced based on required properties for purpose

Question 41

why are fibres blended

Answer 41

- help reduce the cost of fabric - make fabric stronger - fabric is easier to care for - enables fabrics to be more crease- resistant - allows fabric to be heat-set

Question 42

polyester/ cotton

Answer 42

- a popular blend used for clothes, bedsheets... - different % of polyester and cotton depending on material being made - dangerous when on fire, cotton burns easily and holds polyester in place, polyester melts and drips burns at high temp and gives off black smoke

Question 43

what does polyester do

Answer 43

helps to cancel out the shrinking, slow-drying and creasing of cotton

Question 44

what does cotton do

Answer 44

makes fabric better at absorbing moisture and makes it more comfortable on skin

Question 45

wool and nylon (polyamide)

Answer 45

- blended together to make socks, trousers, jackets and coats

Question 46

what does the wool do in polyamide

Answer 46

makes fabric soft and warm

Question 47

what does the nylon do in polyamide

Answer 47

- improves strength and resistance to abrasion | - makes fabric lighter in weight and helps prevent wool from shrinking when washed

Question 48

lycra (elastane)

Answer 48

blended with many other fibres to give fabric stretch. - very small amount needed to give lot of stretch - makes fabric more crease resistant