Materials Flashcards
(31 cards)
Structural design requires determination of the overall _______ and ________
of the supporting framework and the selection of the _________ of individual
members.
proportions , dimensions, cross sections
Structural engineer’s priority
Safety, serviceability, and economy
produced by heating ore in a charcoal fire
wrought iron
Used in bridges
Cast iron
an alloy of iron and carbon (less carbon than cast iron)(19thcentury),due
to __________ in1855.
Steel, Bessemer converter
In US, the first structural steel rail road bridge was the _______, constructed in
1874
Eads bridge
In1884, the first building with a steel frame was completed in_________
Chicago
This is the first important use of steel in any major construction project and is
still-existing.
Eads Bridge
main component of steel is ____
smaller component is _____
iron,carbon
Plain carbon steels: mostly iron and < _______
1% carbon
Low-alloy steels: iron and carbon + < ___________
. 5% other components
one of the most commonly used structural steels
ASTM A36
Engineering stress:
Original x-area is used
Engineering strain:
Original length is used
How well a material holds together when friction is applied
hardness
How much force needs to be applied before the material deforms
Strength
Ability of a material to resist breaking when forve is applied
toughness
ability to undergo large deformations before fracturing and measured by the elongation
Ductility
________ materials fracture at low strains and absorb little energy. Conversely, ________
materials fail after significant plastic strain (deformation) and absorb more energy
Brittle, ductile
The ability of a metal to deform plastically and to absorb energy in the process before
fracture
Toughness
The key to toughness is a good combination of
Strength and ductility
proportional limit, elastic limit, upper and lower yield points is ________
Yield point
maximum stress is ________
Ultimate tensile stress
