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GCSE Textiles AQA > Materials and components > Flashcards

Materials and components Flashcards

1
Q

What are regenerated fabrics and what are they made out of?

A

Regenerated fibre is created by dissolving cellulose in chemicals to make it back into a fibre

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2
Q

What do you need to make wood pulp into a fibre?

A

A chemical

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3
Q

Was method is used to make a generated fibre?

A

Dry and wet spinning

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4
Q

What products are made from acetate?

A

Lining, dress fabric, ties, lingerie and bathing suits

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5
Q

Which products are made from viscose?

A

Lining, dress fabric and jersey

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6
Q

Which regenerated fibre is the least environmentally friendly and why?

A

Viscose because although it is made from wood pulp, old forests are cleared to make room for pulpwood plantations, often eucalyptus trees are planted which use up lots of water. The wood pulp is also treated with hazardous chemicals.

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7
Q

What are the properties of cellulose acetate?

A

Tough, glossy, transparent, breathable, absorbent

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8
Q

Is acetate sustainable? Why?

A

The raw material is wood pulp which is renewable

It is biodegradable- can be composted or incinerated

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9
Q

What are the three stages of making fabric?

A

Spinning fibres into yearns
Weaving or knitting yarns to make fabric
Finishing fabric to make it more useful

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10
Q

Give 7 example of animal fibres, their properties and where they come from

A

Wool - sheep, elastic, warm, absorbent, durabel, felts easily
Silk - silk worm, strong, individual fibres are long thin and lustrous
Alpaca - from an alpaca, softer than wool, silky
Cashmere - from a goat, soft, less shiny than alpaca, warm
Mohair - from angora goats, fine, silky, shiny, absorbs dyes, doesn’t felt
Angora - soft and silky, fluffy, combined with other fabrics because it felts so easily
Camel - temperature regulating, lightweight, minimally elastic, doesn’t felt easily

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11
Q

Give 5 examples of plant fibres

A 
Cotton
Linen (flax)
Hemp
Jute
Sisal
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12
Q

Give 4 examples of regenerated fibres

A

Viscose
Cupro
Modal
Lyocell (tencel)

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13
Q

Give three example of synthetic fibres

A

Acrylic
Polyester
Nylon (polyamide)

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14
Q

What are the properties of wool?

A

Good insulator
Good elasticity
Highly absorbent
Does not crease easily

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15
Q

What are the properties of linen?

A 
Poor insulators
Highly absorbent
Hard wearing
Crease easily
Poor elasticity
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16
Q

What are the properties of cotton?

A 
Poor insulators
Stronger when wet than dry
Able to hold moisture well
Hard wearing
Poor elasticity
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17
Q

What are the properties of nylon?

A 
Not very absorbent 
Very strong
Crease resistant
Affected by static electricity which effects drape
Thermoplastic
Not heat resistant
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18
Q

What are the properties of polyester?

A 
Strong, hard wearing
Crease resistant
Easy to wash
Resistant to staining
Non absorbent
Cool and smooth
Recyclable 
Not heat resistant
Thermoplastic
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19
Q

What are the reasons for fibre blending?

A

Improving quality - washing, drying, ironing, shrinking, creasing, abrasion, durability, softness, absorption, insulation
Appearance - colour, lustre
Profitability - diluting expensive fibres with cheap fibres

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20
Q

What are the different types of yarn?

A

Knitting yarn
Weaving yarn
Overlooking yarn
Sewing machine yarn

Spun yarns
Multi-filament yarns
Monofilament yarns
Assembled yarns
Folded yarns
Complex yarns
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21
Q

How are fibres prepared?

A

They are washed, combed then carded (convert loose wool to a fine even web which is cut into roving)

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22
Q

What are the advantages of growing hemp over cotton?

A

Hemp produces twice as much fibre per acre
Hemp returns nutrients to soil
Hemp can grow for many yearns without the need for crop rotation
Doesn’t need pesticides
More durable

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23
Q

What are ply yarns and why are they used?

A

They are made by twisting two or more yarns together to increase the strength, regularity, texture, weight and to create special effects

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24
Q

What is a fibre blend?

A

When you take two different types of fibres to make ply yarns

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25
What is a core spun yarn?
A fibre that is totally covered by another fibre in a ply yarn
26
What are synthetic fibres
Materials made from petroleum based chemicals or coals
27
What are microfibres and what are they used for?
They a really small fibres (60x smaller than human hair) and can be blended with other fibres, are thermoplastic and are good for sportswear and underwear. Also called tactel micro
28
What are the properties of acrylic?
``` Warm Easy to wash Non absorbent Thermoplastic Feels like wool Durable Crease resistant ```
29
What are aramid fibres?
Really strong Nomex - Flame and Heat resistant (used in F1h) Kevlar - bullet proof (vests)
30
What are the different types of spinning systems to make yarns?
Worsted spinning system - smooth yarns | Woollen spinning system - hairy yarn
31
What are the two types of fibres?
Filament fibre - only made from synthetic fibres and silk because they are continuously long, I.e. polyester, tactel, Nylon, polyamide, Lycra, elastane Staple fibre - synthetic (you can cut them) or natural (already staples)
32
How can knitted fabrics become more elastic?
By adding elastane (I.e. Lycra)
33
How can you improve the warmth of knitted fabrics?
By using the finishing process of napping or brushing which makes it fluffy
34
What are weft knitted fabrics? Give two examples
Fabric that have horizontal rows of knitted yarn They have horizontal ribs on the wrong side They have V shaped loops in the right side They are held together by interlocking loops Include single jersey (t-shirts) and double jersey (sports shirts)
35
What are warp knitted fabrics and what are their properties? Give four examples
Fabric with interlocking loops that run vertically Can only be machine made Less elastic, firmer Don't ladder when cut Keep shape Include lightweight fabrics like nets and lace, and heavy fabrics like terry towelling and velour
36
What are the properties of woven fabrics?
They fray easily They lack elasticity Stronger if the weave is closer Has a selvedge (an edge that won't fray) and a bias
37
What are the different types of weave?
Plain - under over, polyester, cotton, calico Twill - weft yarns go under and over 2 or 4 warp yarns, denim Satin - weft yarns under 4-7 warp yarns, damask Jacquard - complexly woven on jacquard loom that produces high quality and expensive fabrics, rich furnishings, wedding waistcoats Pile weave - creates raised surface of upright loops, velvet, corduroy
38
How are non woven fabrics made are what are their properties?
Made by using chemicals to Kat fibres together or using heat to bond them or by stitching them together in layers They don't have a grain Don't stretch or fray easily Aren't as strong as knitted or woven fabrics Not as flexible Permeable
39
What are the properties of poly cotton?
``` Strong Elastic Cheap Easy to care for Crease resistant Insulating Absorbent ```
40
What are the properties of fabric with membranes?
They can control substances that flow through them Gore tex, sympatex Used in outdoor clothing Breathable but waterproof
41
What is BioSteel?
A very strong fibre based material Genetically modified fibre Contains casein from goats milk and protein silk from spider webs Used in recyclable bullet proof vests
42
Why are finishes applied and what types of finishes are there?
``` To protect fabric or design features Change the feel of fabric Improve durability Improve appearance Add value ``` Physical finishes Biological finishes Chemical finishes
43
What is mercerising?
Fabric is places in a sodium hydroxide solution The fibres swell and become shiny, absorbent and strong Can be applied to cotton
44
How can manufacturers make fabrics more useful by making use of their 'special properties'?
They can enhance the properties They can have special properties built in They can add special properties after the construction of a product
45
Name 7 fibres with special properties
``` Elastane - extension Recycled and biodegradable fibres Kevlar (aramid) - 5x stronger than steel Fabrics with a membrane (GoreTex, Sympatex) - control substances BioSteel - strong Nomex - insulating Microfibres ```
46
What are the properties of elastane? (+2 examples)
Lots of extension Improves comfort and appearance Used in sportswear, underwear and suits Includes Lycra and DuPont
47
What are the properties of recycled and biodegradable fibres and what are they made from?
Made from recycled bottles (PTFE or PET) Produce light weight, breathable fabrics Used in fleeces Are biodegradable due to the way they are processed
48
What are the properties of fabrics with membranes?
They can control which substances pass through the Breathable but waterproof Used in outdoor clothing Examples include GoreTex and Sympatex
49
What are the properties of nomex?
Insulating Heat and flame resistant Use in firefighters uniforms
50
What is a waterproofing finish?
A silicon chemical is sprayed onto the fabric It provides a water repellent layer Can be applied to all fabrics Used on tents and outdoor clothing
51
What is flameproofing?
Chemicals are applied to the yarn/fabric to provide a protective layer which slows down the burning process Can be applied to cotton, rayon and linen Used on interior fabrics and furnishings
52
What are antistatic finishes?
Chemical head product is sprayed on the fabric to stop the build up of electrostatic charge Can be applied to synthetics, acetate and silk
53
What are anti felting finishes?
An oxidative treatment is applied which softens rough fibres to prevent matting Can be applied to wool
54
What is bleaching?
Strong chemical is applied to fabric Removes natural colour Can weaken the fabric Applied to cotton and linen
55
What is a crease resistant finish?
A resin is applied and then it is heat cured (set)
56
What is a shrink resistant finish?
A resin based finish or chlorine based chemical treatment is applied Stops fabric like wool shrinking so it can go in the washing machine
57
What is a spark resistant finish?
An application to protect against spark discharge Used industrially Used on clothing for the emergency services, military products and manufacturing operators
58
What are cut, tear and ballistic resistant fabrics?
Fabrics designed to protect the see in industry or sporting events Used in body armour or emergency service uniforms
59
What are components? Give 9 examples
Something added or used with the fabric to enhance, embellish or add functionality Dyes, inks, paints, elastics, threads, knitting yarns, fastenings, bindings, interfacing
60
What are technical textiles and what are they used for?
They are fabrics that are manufactured for functionality and technical performance Used in many industries, such as: aerospace, medicine, military, health and safety, transport, geotextiles
61
What four areas can smart textiles be divided into?
Conductive textiles, power assisted textiles, communication textiles, medical textiles
62
What are nanoparticles and what is nanotechnology?
Nanotechnology involves nanoparticles which are microscopic particles with specific physical and chemical properties that can be incorporated into fabrics to enhance or change their properties
63
What properties of a fabric can nanoparticles change?
``` Dyeability Tensile strength Resistance to abrasion Resistance to flames/heat Ability to repel water/soil ```
64
What are nanotubes?
Nanotubes or nano thread are microscopic structures that conduct electricity and heat. They are used in medical textiles
65
How do you care for cotton?
Machine wash Tumble dry Hot iron
66
How do you care for linen?
Dry clean to retain crispness Hot wash Hot iron
67
How do you care for wool?
Dry clean, some may be machine washed | Medium iron wrong side
68
How do you care for silk?
Dry clean Hand wash Low iron, wrong side

GCSE Textiles AQA (8 decks)

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