MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

Question 1

• The process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest.
  -It also answers stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.

Answer 1

Data Collection

Question 2

What are the consideration for planning data collection?

Answer 2

• Subject/participants
• Schedule
• Finances
• Miscellaneous considerations

Question 3

• This pertains to the people or your respondents in the study.

Answer 3

Subject/participants

Question 4

-The date or time to be used during data collection from participants.

Answer 4

Schedule

Question 5

The expenses to be incurred in data collection such as printing of materials, travel allowance, etc

Answer 5

Finances

Question 6

Safety, Respondents’ Motivation, Protocol/Seek Approval

Answer 6

Miscellaneous Considerations

Question 7

The process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest.

Answer 7

Survey/Questionnaire

Question 8

The data are presented in rows and columns with values and results

Answer 8

Table

Question 9

The data shows the relations, comparisons, and distribution of values and percentages

Answer 9

Graph

Question 10

Enumerate the elements of the graph

Answer 10

• Title
• Labels
• Depth and Axes
• Colors

Question 11

it describes the data set

Answer 11

Title

Question 12

it gives representation of the axes and parts of graph

Answer 12

Labels

Question 13

it means depth of a point relative to a given data set; axes are lines on a graph

Answer 13

Depth and Axes

Question 14

it has enough shades or tint to make contrast between the background and data to be clearly seen

Answer 14

Colors

Question 15

It shows relationship of parts of the whole concept

Answer 15

Pie graph

Question 16

The data values are expressed at different points in time

Answer 16

Line graph

Question 17

The values are presented horizontally where it is used as the results of data

Answer 17

Bar graph

Question 18

The values are expressed in different time periods or other data groupings in a vertical form

Answer 18

Column Graph

Question 19

This commonly emphasized the area showing the rise and fall of various data series over time with colors, textures and hatchings.

Answer 19

Area graph

Question 20

the culmination of the long process of formulating a hypothesis, constructing the instrument, and collecting data. It is used to properly test the hypothesis, answer the research questions, and presents the results of the study in a clear and understandable manner. In quantitative research, it deals with numerical data, as in most surveys and experiments, it is logical to use statistical treatment.

Answer 20

Statistical Treatment

Question 21

What are the two branches of statistics?

Answer 21

• Descriptive Statistics
  -Inferential Statistics

Question 22

It involves tabulating, depicting, and describing the collected data. The data are summarized to reveal overall data patterns and make them manageable.

Answer 22

Descriptive Statistics

Question 23

It involves making generalizations about the population through a sample drawn from it. It also includes hypothesis testing and sampling. It is concerned with parametric (interval and ratio scale) and non-parametric (nominal and ordinal scale) statistical tools.

Answer 23

Inferential Statistics

Question 24

What are the common statistical tools in descriptive statistics?

Answer 24

1. Frequency Distribution
2. Proportion
3. Percentage
   4.Measures of Central Tendency.
4. Variability or Dispersion

Question 25

It is the record of the number of individuals or cases located in each category on the scale of measurement.

Answer 25

Frequency Distribution

Question 26

It is the total frequency divided by the number of cases in each category. It can be derived from the frequency distribution

Answer 26

Proportion

Question 27

It is the proportion expressed in percentage (proportion × 100) Example: The data below show some of the personal information of 20 respondents in a study. *For Gender: M = Male, F = Female *For Civil Status: S = Single, M= Married, W = Widowed, WR = Widower *For Highest Educational Attainment: N = did not graduate in elementary, E = Elementary, H = High School, C = College, G = Post Graduate

Answer 27

Percentage

Question 28

It indicated whether the center of the distribution tends to be located. It refers to the typical average score in a distribution

Answer 28

Measures of Central Tendency

Question 29

It is the exact mathematical center of a distribution. It is equal to the sum of all scores divided by the number of cases.

Answer 29

Mean

Question 30

It is the middlemost value in a distribution below or above which is exactly 50% cases that are found.

Answer 30

Median

Question 31

It refers to the most frequently occurring score in a distribution

Answer 31

Mode

Question 32

It refers to the extent and manner in which the scores in a distribution differ from each other.

Answer 32

Variability or Dispersion

Question 33

It is the difference between the highest value and the lowest value in the given distribution.

Answer 33

Range

Question 34

It is the measure of variation that takes into consideration the deviations of the individual scores from the mean.

Answer 34

Average Deviation.

Question 35

It is the square of the standard deviation.

Answer 35

Variance.

Question 36

It is the square root of the quotient of the total squared deviation of the mean and total number of cases.

Answer 36

Standard Deviation.

Question 37

Enumerate the common statistical tools in inferential statistics

Answer 37

1. Variables 2. Data 3. Purpose

Question 38

To determine the statistical to be used in **variables**, what should be noted?

Answer 38

“How many variables?”

Question 39

To determine the statistical to be used in **data**, what should be noted?

Answer 39

What level of measurement?

Question 40

To determine the statistical to be used in **Purpose**, what should be noted?

Answer 40

What type of question?

Question 41

Enumerate the levels of measurement of variables

Answer 41

1. Nominal Data 2. Ordinal Data 3. Interval Data 4. Ratio Data

Question 42

These are attributes that only name variable. These data are considered at the simplest level or categorical level.

Answer 42

Nominal Data

Question 43

It does not only classify items, but also give the order or ranks of classes, items, or objects. It is still a weak form of measurement, because the ordering implies to which category is “greater” or “lesser” – not how much “greater” or “lesser”

Answer 43

Ordinal Data

Question 44

It is used to classify order and differentiate between classes or categories in terms of degrees of differences. It has no true zero point.

Answer 44

Interval Data

Question 45

It differs from interval scale only in one aspect: it has a true zero point (complete absence of the property being measured).

Answer 45

Ratio Data

Question 46

What are the types of test?

Answer 46

-Parametric Test -Non-Parametric Test

Question 47

The kind of test that measures the level of either the data possess an interval or ratio

Answer 47

Parametric Test

Question 48

The type of test when the data are nominal or ordinal

Answer 48

Non-Parametric Test

Question 49

Enumerate the types of research question

Answer 49

-Descriptive Questions -Relationship Questions -Comparison Questions

Question 50

To identify participant's responses to a single variable or question

Answer 50

Descriptive Questions

Question 51

To answer the degree and magnitude of the relationship between two or more variables.

Answer 51

Relationship Questions.

Question 52

To find out how two or more groups on an independent variable differ in terms of one or more outcome variables

Answer 52

Comparison Questions.

Question 53

Give a relationship questions

Answer 53

1. What is the significant association between religious beliefs and the effectiveness of information, education, and communication on natural family planning? 2. What is the significant relationship between the pretest and post test scores of accounting students in their qualifying examinations?

Question 54

This measures the index of relationship between two variables

Answer 54

Pearson’s r

Question 55

This is used to test when there is a significant relationship between the x and y variables

Answer 55

Linear Regression Analysis

Question 56

This is used to show relationship with given three or more independent variables

Answer 56

Multiple Regression Analysis.

Question 57

Give a comparison questions

Answer 57

1. Is there a significant difference on the student’s performance before and after the enhancement? 2. How significantly different are the three instructional methods of teaching research to four groups of students?

Question 58

This is used for at least 30 respondents in research and to compare two independent samples

Answer 58

t-test.

Question 59

This is used to compare the sample mean and the perceived population mean of more than 30 samples

Answer 59

z-test.

Question 60

This is used when comparing the means of two or more independent groups ; it is also a set of difference between the observed and the expected frequencies in a study

Answer 60

f-test (Chi-square).

Question 61

This is used to compare variances across the means (or average) of three or more groups

Answer 61

*Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

Question 62

A chapter that shows how the problem will be investigated ;

Answer 62

Research Methodology

Question 63

The strategy used in the collection of data or analysis to come up with new information or to understand a particular topic

Answer 63

Research Method