Materials and their Properties Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
Each ___ has its own characteristics and properties.
A
Materials
2
Q
Industrial companies consider the properties of materials in choosing the correct ___ materials.
A
raw
3
Q
The greatest structures since ___ century are made of ___ material?
A
19th / Metal
4
Q
It is one of the strongest, cheapest, and hugely versatile materials, metals are integral building blocks of today’s skyscrapers and industries.
A
Metal
5
Q
What material is lustrous or shiny material that can be hammered into sheets, drawn into wires, and bent into any shape?
A
Metal
6
Q
What material is a good conductor of heat and electricity?
A
Metal
7
Q
What is one of the strongest materials?
A
Metal
8
Q
What material is used in airplane construction?
A
Aluminum
9
Q
What material is low in density and does not corrode?
A
Aluminum
10
Q
What is made from copper because it is a very good conductor of electricity?
A
Electrical Wires
11
Q
What is another metal that is suitable for use as the filament of a light bulb?
A
Tungsten
12
Q
What does not melt even at a very high temperature?
A
Tungsten
13
Q
The pure form of what material is weak?
A
Metal
14
Q
What are pure metals mixed with alloys?
A
To make the weak pure metals strong.
15
Q
Give four examples of pure metals.
A
iron, copper, magnesium, aluminum
16
Q
What material is an alloy of iron and carbon?
A
Steel
17
Q
What material is used in cars and buses because it is a very strong material that is easy to press into the required shape?
A
Steel
18
Q
When metal ores are strip-mined, it creates large areas of ___ and ____ land.
A
barren, lifeless
19
Q
Metal extraction leaves ___ ___ that scars the landscape.
A
waste material
20
Q
Another harmful effect of metal used is the ___ of metal items in dumpsites that are not recycled or properly managed.
A
proliferation
21
Q
The ___ metal compounds leach out of ___ and ___ the environment, posing danger and health risks to ___ and even humans.
A
toxic, waste material, pollute, wildlife
22
Q
___ and ___ Products that we use now have been improved through technology.
A
Polymers and Composites
23
Q
___ and __ are mostly made up of synthetic materials.
A
Polymers and Composites
24
Q
Most synthetic materials are produced from ____ materials to make better and improved materials.
A
petrochemical
25
Petrochemical materials come from ___.
petroleum
26
What materials are materials that are created through the processing of various natural substances which occur in nature?
Synthetic materials
27
Give at least four examples of synthetic materials.
Plastics, nylon, rubber strand, and glass
28
Give 3 more synthetic materials.
Teflon, polystyrene, and ceramics
29
___ are formed when chemical bonds link large numbers, either hundreds or even thousands, of ____ in a repeating chain or pattern.
Polymers, monomers
30
A ___ is built from one or more monomers.
Polymer
31
The chemical properties of a polymer depend on the ___ from which it is made.
monomers
32
Give 3 examples of polymers.
Plastic, rubber, painting
33
Plastics may be sourced by either ____ or ____ means.
Natural, Synthetic
34
Plastics are made from chemicals known as ____ _____, and ____.
phenols, hydrocarbons, formaldehyde
35
Natural sources of plastics include plant ___, tree ___, an animal's ____, ___, and an insect's ___.
cellulose, resins, horn, milk, shellac
36
Synthetic polymers or plastics may be derived from ___ oil, ___, and ___ gas.
crude, coal, natural
37
Plastics can be used for storing food like ___ plastic containers.
microwavable
38
___ can be molded easily due to the high melting point.
Plastics
39
What materials are good substitutes for metals and woods because they are resistant to rust and do not decompose easily?
Plastic
40
Most plastics do not ___; they are _-___.
decay, non-biodegradable
41
___ plastics is not a good solution because plastics are made from chemicals that produce ____ gases when burned.
burning, poisonous
42
____ Plastics can combine with other materials.
Composites
43
When plastic combines with either paper or fiber, it can form a new product called ___.
composites
44
___ are combinations of two or more substances with different properties that work better than the original materials.
composites
45
__-___ concrete is a popular example of a composite material.
non-biodegrable
46
To produce this composite, ___ is poured around a ___ of ___.
concrete, mesh, steel cables
47
____ is made of resin or sap obtained from rubber trees. This resin is enhanced, ___, and ___ to form the rubbers we know.
Rubber, manufactures, and molded
48
Rubbers are ___ thus, they can be stretched.
elastic
49
Rubbers are also ___ of heat, thus, they can be used in preserving the cold temperature of water in your water jug.
insulators
50
Ceramic materials also include ___ and ___.
clay, glass
51
Clay is a fine-grain soil that combines one or more ___ minerals with traces of ___ ____ and ___ matter.
clay, metal materials, organic
52
Glass is a ___ material derived from ___ (silica) that is melted under extreme heat and then cooled.
crystalline, quartz
53
____ are shiny and transparent but be careful not to drop them because they are also brittle.
Glasses
54
In ancient times, glass products made an important role as ___, as well as creative and ___ pieces, an example of which is the rock ___ ewer.
utensils, artistic, crystal
55
___ has a number of specific natural characteristics.
Wood
56
Wood has ___ and ___, which is the effect of humidity on the tree where the wood comes from.
color, density
57
Wood is ___ and can be bent or twisted into special shapes.
flexible
58
It is relatively ___ in weight compared to steel, yet has good ___ and is very ___.
light, strength, firm
59
Wood has ___ and ___—properties that made it ideal to be used in building houses, making furniture, and also as an accessory or natural element to other items, like utensils and musical instruments.
rigidity, toughness
60
Though hard, ___ can be carved into beautiful woodcrafts. Wood materials are also good insulators (absorbents) of heat.
Wood, insulators
61
Our clothes are made of ___, ___, and ___strands called ___.
tiny, strong, elongated, fibers
62
There are two types of fibers, ___ occurring and ___ fibers.
naturally, sythetic
63
Naturally occurring fibers are fibers derived from ___ and ____.
plants, animals
64
___ (Ceiba pentandra), a seed fiber tree that grows here in the country, is a source of hollow and waterproof fibers that are used for life preservers, parkas, and even as filling materials for pillows.
Kapok
65
___ ___, like wool from sheep or fleece from goats, has superior insulation and heat retention properties.
Animal fibers
66
Animal fibers consist mainly of ___ and are sourced from ___ (silk fiber), sheep ___ (fur fiber), animal ___ (collagen fiber), and ___ (chitin).
protein, silkworms, wool, skins, crustaceans
67
Synthetic fibers or ___ fibers, on the other hand, are man-made.
artificial
68
Synthetic fibers are usually derived from ____ and other ___ materials such as ___ oil.
plastic, raw, petroleum
69
___ can be used alone or mixed with natural pulp which case can provide products.
Fibers
70
What are the three commonly used synthetic fibers?
Polyester, Aramid, Acrylic
71
___ fiber is characterized by high strength and superior heat and water resistance.
Polyester
72
___ fiber is characterized by high strength and modulus of elasticity as well as superior impact, wear, heat, and chemical resistance.
Aramid
73
___ fiber is characterized by heat resistance, dyeability, dimensional ability, and chemical resistance.
Acrylic
74
___ provides us with energy that is derived from nutrients.
Food
75
Food nutrients include ___ (sugar) and ___, which are the body's source of immediate energy: ___, which help the growth and development of muscles and bones; and __ and ___ that boost our bodies' defense against illnesses and diseases.
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals
76
Food additives, either ___ or ___, are added to food to provide added nutrients; to improve the quality of color, flavor, or texture; and to prevent or delay spoilage.
natural, syntheitic
77
However, many food additives have no nutritional value. These also include ___, ___ in low-calorie products, and ___ and ___ that slow down product spoilage while maintaining a desirable taste.
emulsifier, sweetener, preservatives, antioxidants
78
___ is one of the first and most striking qualities of the appearance of food. It helps us to decide whether to accept or reject particular food.
Color
79
Many ___ additives have been found to cause asthma, migraines, thyroid cancers, and thyroid damage.
coloring
80
___ are also used in giving certain characteristics to food and improving texture and taste while the food is being processed.
Additives
81
___ enhancers Monosodium glutamate (MSG), commonly known as ___, is a substance extracted from grains or beets.
Flavor, vetsin
82
_ _ _ brings out and enhances food flavors, thus it is used mainly in savory products and in a wide variety of oriental dishes.
MSG
83
But ___ is linked to adverse reactions in the human body such as headaches and allergic reactions.
MSG
84
Food additives, called ___ and ___, in products such as margarine, low-fat ice cream, salad dressings, and mayonnaise, prevent the separation of ingredients in these food products.
Emulsifiers and stabilizers
85
___, such as gelatin or pectin, help increase the viscosity of any substance that is used to make food. They are added to food such as salad dressings and flavored milk.
____ gives a sweet taste to any food substance. Low-calorie products and special dietary products, such as those for diabetics, make use of sweeteners.
Thickness, Sweeteners
86
___, ___, or medical supplies are special products that treat us when we are sick.
Medicines, drugs
87
Medicines can appear in the form of ___ and ___.
solid, liquid
88
___ medicines can either refer to tablets or encapsulated medicines that are usually given to teenagers and adults.
___ medicines in bottles are given to infants and children like you because they are easier to ingest; infants may choke on medicines in tablet or capsule form.
Solid, Liquid
89
___ refers to the number of chemicals found in medicine. The amount of dosage given to a person depends on his/her age. Infants to children have a little amount of dosage while adolescents to adults have a higher amount of dosage. The dosage of medicines is indicated on the product label. The chemicals are the materials found in medicines. The action of the medicine, therefore, depends on its chemical and the disease or illness it is treating. For instance, in tonsillitis (swelling of tonsils), antibiotic treats the infection caused by bacteria that live in our tonsils. Analgesics, on the other hand, relieve pain in any part of our body. Medicines are vital for us, but when used improperly they could also be fatal. Remember to not take medicines without the prescriptions of your doctor, do not self-medicate, and do not take medicines with high dosages.
Dosage
90
The amount of dosage given to a person depends on his/her ___.
Age
91
Infants to children have a ___ amount of dosage while adolescents to adults have a __ amount of dosage.
little, higher
92
The chemicals are the materials found in ___.
medicines
93
The action of the medicine, therefore, depends on its ___ and the ___ or ___ it is treating.
chemical, disease, illness
94
___ treats the infection caused by bacteria that live in our tonsils.
Antibiotics
95
___ relieves pain in any part of our body.
Analgesics
96
Medicines are vital for us, but when used ___ they could also be fatal. Remember to not take medicines without the ___ of your doctor, do not self-medicate, and do not take medicines with ___dosages
improperly, prescriptions, high
