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Building Design Construction Systems > Materials - Concrete > Flashcards

Materials - Concrete Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

Joseph Aspdin

A

patented process for making cement w/ English portland limestone

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2
Q

Duff Abrams

A

water-to-cement ratio

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3
Q

Joseph Monier

A

credited with spreading use of reinforced concrete; patented iron reinforced concrete basins, pipes, building panels, bridges & beams

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4
Q

Francois Hennebique

A

united beam & column in one monolithic system

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5
Q

Eugene Freyssinet

A

patented method for prestressing for a long span bridge design in 1928

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6
Q

Le Corbusier

A

Domino system, cantilevered slab on piloti

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7
Q

Auguste Perret

A

trabeated system of monolithic columns & beams as frames with concrete block infill

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8
Q

Francois Sonderdork Jr.

A

parabolic arch, London’s royal horticultural hall

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9
Q

PA Michelis

A

shell structure, can carry loads equally in all directions, no difference between load and support

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10
Q

Portland cement

A

lime, silica, iron oxide, alumina; proportioned, round, burned to clinkers, pulverized (fineness directly related to strength)

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11
Q

Portland Cement (Type I)

A

Standard, for general all-purpose use

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12
Q

Portland Cement (Type II)

A

Modified, for slow setting & less heat

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13
Q

Portland Cement (Type III)

A

High early strength, for quick setting & early strength

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14
Q

Portland Cement (Type IV)

A

Low heat, for slow setting (little heat)

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15
Q

Portland Cement (Type V)

A

Sulfate resisting, for alkaline water & soils

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16
Q

Fine aggregate dimensions

A

1/4” or less in diameter, sand

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17
Q

Coarse aggregate dimensions

A

1/4 - 1 1/2” diameter, gravel or crushed rock

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18
Q

sieve tests

A

determine % of particle sizes, ensure finer particles fit all voids between large particles to be solidly filled; max aggregate size no greater than 1/3 thickness of concrete slabs or 3/4 minimum space between reinforcing

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19
Q

Admixtures

A

surface applications/finishes for concrete, hardeners, pigments, special aggregates, sealers, abrasives, fillers for patching

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20
Q

accelerators

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A

calcium chloride, speed up setting time

21
Q

air entraining agents

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A

resins, fats, oils; resist freezing action

22
Q

retarders

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A

starches, sugars, acids; slow down setting time

23
Q

waterproofing

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A

stearate compounds; decrease permeability

24
Q

water reducing

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A

organic compounds, reduce water content

25
workability agents
powdered silicas & lime; improve workability
26
Concrete Mix Design (general weights)
concrete 150 lb/cubic foot; aggregates, dry sand & gravel 100 lbs/ cubic foot; water per gallon 8 lbs/gallon
27
Uncontrolled concrete work ratio
1:3:5 cement: fine aggregate:coarse aggregate
28
Laitance
chalky surface deposit of low strength, must be removed before any concrete poured so new will bond to old
29
Compressive strength of concrete
28 days after being placed, 3000-6000 psi, 4000 most common; high early strength reaches compressive strength in 7-14 days
30
most common reinforcing types
ASTM A 615 billet steel, 40, 40,000 psi; ASTM A 616 rail steel, 50, 50,000 psi; ASTM 617 axle steel, 60, 60,000 psi (most common in buildings), A706 low alloy, 75, 75,000 psi
31
Number system
mill, bar size in 1/8" increments, type of steel, grade
32
Welded wire fabric naming conventions; WWF 6x6 - W2.9.
6" o.c. in each direction; cross sectional area is 2.9/100=0.029 sq in (6 gauge)
33
appropriate reinforcing coverage rules of thumb for retaining walls, beams and columns, slabs, and footings
footings need 3" between steel and ground; retaining wall 2" concrete cover, beams & columns 1-1/2", slabs 3/4"
34
Structural lightweight concrete
90-115 lbs/ cubic foot; max size of coarse aggregate 3/4"; air entrainment almost always used, handling and placing easier; modulus of elasticity lower (deflection greater); drying shrinkage greater; thermal insulation better; more costly
35
Insulating lightweight concrete
thermal insulation in roof construction; 15-90 pounds per cubic foot; low compressive strength; aggregate: perlite/vermiculite; some w/ no fine aggregate to leave voids
36
Gunite
shot into place with compressed air, good for large surface with thin sections (pneumatically)
37
Slump test
consistency & workability; performed in field; cone filled directly from mixer in 3 layers, rodded each layer, top layer leveled; slump difference acceptable 2"-6", then tapped gently to indicate workability
38
cylinder test
compressive strength, standard 6" diameter cylinder 12" long, 2 cylinders, lab cured for 7 & 28 days, tests crushing; if fails 2"-4" cores taken from areas suspected to be deficient
39
kelly ball test
measures workability; 30 lb, 6" diameter ball dropped from standard height, penetration measured, relates directly to slump
40
impact hammer test
rebound of spring-loaded plunger measured after strikes smooth concrete surface (approximates concrete strength)
41
Single tee pre-stressed concrete
5', 8', 10-0" wide; 80', 100', 120' span
42
Double tee pre-stressed concrete
4'-0" wide; 20'-0" - 36'-0" span
43
pre-tensioning
steel stretched & tensioned before concrete poured, after steel is cut, creep, shrinkage, slip & friction occurs
44
post-tensioning
concrete cast with sleeve, cured, then jacked to compress, steel locked with end anchors & grouted, loss after tensioning by friction, elastic shortening, & shrinkage less than with pretensioning; greater compressive strength required 5,000 psi or greater; high strength bars, single wires, wire strands
45
Benefits of pre-cast concrete
better quality control, better control of curing, members castable in all weather, members erectable in all weather, faster actual construction times; types include: hollow core, tongue & groove, channel, double tee, lightweight concrete planks, nailable planks, tongue & groove concrete planking
46
Tilt up construction size
5-8" thick, span between columns & footings; SOG common, mechanical pipes, conduits, ducts can be installed ong rade
47
Tube slab
paper tube fillers embedded in section, flat ceiling 2/ no beams, mechanical & duct systems run through thickness
48
terrazzo
mixture of portland cement & water (matrix) & colored marble granules, then ground down floors, walls, wainscots, stars, etc.

Building Design Construction Systems (10 decks)

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