Maternal and Pediatrics Midterms

Question 1

Most common cause of hemorrhage; when the myometrium fails to contract making blood vessels fail to constrict makes it dilated causing blood flow

Answer 1

UTERINE ATONY

Question 2

Found near the branches of the uterine artery. May result in greater blood loss. Blood may be brighter red than the venous blood loss with uterine atony.

Answer 2

CERVICAL LACERATIONS

Question 3

Much easier to locate than cervical lacerations.

Answer 3

VAGINAL LACERATIONS

Question 4

More common to patients placed in lithotomy position during birth, since it puts pressure to the perineum.

Answer 4

PERINEAL LACERATION

Question 5

Uterus turns inside out after the delivery and the bleeding continues.

Answer 5

INVERSION OF THE UTERUS

Question 6

Uterus out to the vagina, a large red rounded mass protrudes from the vagina.

Answer 6

COMPLETE INVERSION

Question 7

Uterus cannot be seen, but felt.

Answer 7

INCOMPLETE INVERSION

Question 8

Prevents the uterus from contracting fully, thus uterus bleeding occurs.

Answer 8

RETAINED PLACENTAL FRAGMENTS

Question 9

Blood collection below the epidermis of vulva. Likely to occur to patients with rapid normal spontaneous birth and in patients who have vulvar varicosities. Can lead to hemodynamic instability.

Answer 9

HEMATOMA

Question 10

Placenta blood vessels extended to external wall/muscle.

Answer 10

PLACENTA ACORDA

Question 11

Infection of the genital tract the occurs within 28 days of abortion or delivery.

Answer 11

POSTPARTUM INFECTIONS

Question 12

Marked engorgement, pain, chills, fever, tachycardia, hardness, and redness, enlarged and tender lymph nodes.

Answer 12

MASTITIS

Question 13

Inflammation of the connective tissue between the lobes in the breast.

Answer 13

MAMMARY CELLUTITIS

Question 14

Clot not moving; formation of clot in blood vessels due to edema acquired during pregnancy.

Answer 14

THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE

Question 15

Most common mood disorders (postpartum blues, depression, and psychosis).

Answer 15

POSTPARTUM PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Question 16

Seems to be related to changes in progesterone, estrogen, and prolactin levels. 50 to 80% moms are affected, self limiting up to 10 days.

Answer 16

POSTPARTUM BLUES

Question 17

Condition where you have your own reality and detached to the real reality.

Answer 17

POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSIS

Question 18

Pregnancy has not occured after atleast 1 year of engaging in unprotected coitus.

Answer 18

SUBFERTILITY

Question 19

There have been no previous conception.

Answer 19

PRIMARY SUBFERTILITY

Question 20

There has been a previous viable pregnancy but the couple is unable to conceive at present.

Answer 20

SECONDARY SUBFERTILITY

Question 21

Inability to conceive due to a know condition. (Mullerian Agenesis - absence of a uterus).

Answer 21

STERILITY

Question 22

Problem with sexual desire or response.

Men - Erectile dysfunction and premature delayed ejaculation.
Women - Include spasms of the vagina and pain in sexual intercourse.

Answer 22

SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION

Question 23

Infection of the female reproductive organs.

Answer 23

PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

Question 24

Diseases that are spread through sexual contact with an infected partner (oral, anal, or vaginal sex).

Answer 24

Sexually Transmitted Disease
Sexually Transmitted Infection

Question 25

Yeast infections, thrush or, moniliasis, vaginal infection spread by the fungus candida albican an organism that thrives on glycogen.

Answer 25

CANDIDIASIS

Question 26

STD is cause by a small organism called Trichomonas Vaginalis. It is the most common curable STD to young sexually active women.

Answer 26

TRICHOMONIASIS

Question 27

Easily spread because it often causes no symptoms and may be unknowingly passed to sexual partners. About 75% of infections in women and 50% in men without symptoms.

Answer 27

CHLAMYDIA

Question 28

Causes fibrous tissue overgrowth called genital warts (condyloma acuminatum) on the external vulva, vagina or cervix. Common cause of cervical cancer in women.

Answer 28

HUMAN PAPPILOMA VIRUS AND GENIRAL WARTS

Question 29

Contagious disease transmitted most often through sexual contact with an infected person. May also be spread by contact with infected bodily fluids, so that a mother could pass on the infection to her newborn during childbirth.

Answer 29

GONORRHEA

Question 30

Highly contagious disease spread primarily by sexual activity, including oral and anal sex. It is caused by the bacteria Treponema pallidum.

Answer 30

SYPHILIS

Question 31

Common and highly contagious infection usually spread through sex. It is caused by herpes virus hominis type 2 also called herpes simplex virus.

Answer 31

GENITAL HERPES

Question 32

Serious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Infection with this virus can cause scarring of the liver, liver failure, liver cancer, and even death.

Answer 32

HEPATITIS B

Question 33

Mild infection of the vagina caused by bacteria. Normally there are an imbalance between the good and bad bacteria in the vagina.

Answer 33

BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS

Question 34

Enlargement of the veins within the scrotum. It is similar to a varicose vein that can occur in the leg. It is the most common cause of low sperm production and decreased sperm quality, which can cause infertility.

Answer 34

VARICOCELE

Question 35

Birth weight is below the 10th percentile on an intrauterine growth curve for that age.

Answer 35

SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE

Question 36

A newborn whose birth weight is at or above 90th percentile on the intrauterine growth curve.

Answer 36

LARGE FOR GESTATIONAL AGE

Question 37

Birth weight of a liveborn infant of < 2,500g (5lbs and 8 oz) regardless of gestational age.

Answer 37

LARGE BIRTH WEIGHT

Question 38

Refers to children whose current weight or rate of weight gain is much lower than of other children of similar age and gender.

Answer 38

FAILURE TO THRIVE

Question 39

Blood infection that occurs in an infant younger than 90 days old.

Answer 39

NEONATAL SEPSIS

Question 40

When people who have one blood type receive from someone with a different blood type, causing their immune system to react.

Answer 40

ABON INCOMPATIBILITY

Question 41

It is specifically caused when a mother is Rh negative and her baby is Rh positive.

Answer 41

Rh INCOMPATIBILITY

Question 42

Increase in the serum bilirubin characterized by jaundice.

Answer 42

HYPERBILLIRUBINEMIA

Question 43

Condition that causes babies to need extra oxygen and help breathing.

Answer 43

RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Question 44

Newborn breaths a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid into the lungs around the time of delivery.

Answer 44

MECONIUM ASPIRATIONS SYNDROME

Question 45

Unexplained death, usually during sleep of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old. Also known as the crib death.

Answer 45

SUDDEN INFANT DEATH

Question 46

Inflammation of the larynx , trachea, and major bronchi.

Answer 46

LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS

Question 47

Inhalation of a foreign object into the airway occurs most frequently in infants and toddlers.

Answer 47

ASPIRATION

Question 48

Reccurent, diffuse obstructive pulmonary disease process caused by airway inflammation and hyper reactivity. Occurs when children fail to respond and an attack continues.

Answer 48

STATUS ASTHMATICUS

Question 49

Is a chronic, progressive and frequently fatal genetic (inherited) disease of the body's mucus glands.

Answer 49

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Question 50

Thick mucus blocks the tubes that carry digestive enzymes from the pancreas to the intestines. Without these enzymes, the body can't absorb protein, fats, or fat soluble vitamins.

Answer 50

NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCIS

Question 51

Frequent coughing or straining during constipation.

Answer 51

RECTAL PROLAPSE

Question 52

Section of the intestines folds in on itself like an accordion.

Answer 52

INTUSSUCEPTION

Question 53

Anomalies that involve either a stricture to the flow of blood or a shunt that moves blood from the arterial to the venous system.

Answer 53

ACYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Question 54

Opening in the atrial septum permitting free communication of blood between the 2 atria.

Answer 54

ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT

Question 55

Abnormal opening in the ventricular septum, allows free communication between R and L ventricles.

Answer 55

VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT

Question 56

Also called an edocardial crushion defect, results from incomplete fusion of the endocardial cushion, which is the septum of the heart at the junction of the atria and the ventricles.

Answer 56

ATRIOVENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT

Question 57

Condition in which normal fetal circulation condult between the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to close and results in increased pulmonary blood flow.

Answer 57

PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS

Question 58

Narrowing of the pulmonary valve or PA that results in the obstruction of blood flow from the ventricles.

Answer 58

PULMONARY STENOSIS

Question 59

Narrowing at, above, or below the aortic valve.

Answer 59

AORTIC STENOSIS

Question 60

Narrowing of the lumen of the aorta due to a constricting band.

Answer 60

COARCTATION OF THE AORTA

Question 61

Localized narrowing of the aorta, the most common cardiac malformation responsible for cyanosis in a child over 1 year.

Answer 61

TETRALOGY OF FALLOT

Question 62

Tricuspid valve falls to develop causing complete closure of the tricuspid valve that results in mixed blood flow.

Answer 62

TRICUSPID ATRESIA

Question 63

An autoimmune disease affecting the heart and extra cardiac sites (joints, brain, skin).

Answer 63

ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER

Question 64

Streptococcal infections causes damage to the heart muscle and valves.

Answer 64

RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

Question 65

Idiopathic multisystem disease characterized by vasculitis of small and medium blood vessels, including coronary arteries.

Answer 65

KAWASAKI DISEASE

Question 66

Autosomal recessive genetic disorder of inadequate production of normal hemoglobin.

Answer 66

THALASSEMIA

Question 67

A net increased in the total number of RBCs.

Answer 67

POLYCYTEMIA

Question 68

Excess fluid in the extracellular compartment as a result of fluid or sodium retention, excessive fluid intake, or renal failure.

Answer 68

HYPERVOLEMIA

Question 69

Isotonic fluid loss from extracellular space.

Answer 69

HYPOVOLEMIA

Question 70

Also known as hyperhydration. Fatal disturbance in brain functions that can result when the normal balance of electrolytes in the body is pushed outside safe limits by excessive water intake.

Answer 70

WATER INTOXICATION