maternal-newborn nursing

Question 1

physical sexual maturity and reproductive potential begin when the primary and secondary sexual characteristics develop during _____ in response to neuroendocrine hormonal changes

Answer 1

puberty

Question 2

what are the reproductive changes for females>

Answer 2

the uterus, ovaries, and vagina increase in size and blood supply, and hormones stimulate maturation of an ovum each month at the time of menarche

Question 3

what are the skeletal changes for females?

Answer 3

the pelvis widens, and there is a sudden skeletal growth

Question 4

what are the reproductive changes for males?

Answer 4

testosterone stimulates sexual interest, the production of sperm, and the growth and maturation of the penis, scrotum, testes, prostate gland, and seminal vesicles.

Question 5

what are the skeletal changes for males?

Answer 5

rapid growth takes place in skeletal bones, including length and density, that continues until almost 18 or 20 years of age, widening of the shoulders, increased cellular metabolism, and increased RBC production also takes place

Question 6

composed of the ovarian and endometrial cycles or phases, which are influences by hormones released in the brain.

Answer 6

Menstrual cycle

Question 7

What are the phases of the ovarian cycle?

Answer 7

Follicular
Luteal

Question 8

Occurs in the first half of the cycle, approximately 14 days prior to ovulation. The anterior pituitary gland in the brain releases follicle stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone.

Answer 8

Follicular phase

Question 9

Stimulates the ovarian follicle, and the immature locate grows

Answer 9

FSH

Question 10

Stimulates the final maturation of the follicle just prior to ovulation

Answer 10

LH

Question 11

Begins when the ovum leaves the follicle, which occurs between day 15 and day 28 of a 28 day cycle. oh influences the development of the corpus leteum from the ruptured follicle. As it reaches a peak, estrogen levels drop, and progesterone secretion begins
When fertilization occurs, the corpus luteum is maintained until weeks 10 to 12 of pregnancy.
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, causing a decreased in estrogen and progesterone hormone levels, and menstruation follows by day 28 of the cycle

Answer 11

Luteal phase

Question 12

Occurs during days 1 to 5, when estrogen and progesterone levels are low
Menstrual discharge or uterine blood loss is dark red and may contain sm clots

Answer 12

Menstrual phase

Question 13

On days 7 to 14 the _____ of the endometrium corresponds to the follicular phase of the ovary
Estrogen causes the endometrial lining of the uterus to thicken in anticipation of the implantation of a fertilized ovum, and the cervical mucus becomes more hospitable to sperm

Answer 13

Proliferative phase

Question 14

Occurs on days 15 to 26, corresponding to the Luteal phase of the ovary
Estrogen decreases as progresterone levels remain high and the vascularity of the endometrium and uterus increases. If fertilization and implantation occur, the endometrium remains thickened and continues to develop

Answer 14

Secretory phase

Question 15

On days 27 to 28, if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, and estrogen and progesterone levels fall. The endometrium becomes ischemic and pale as the vasculature constricts

Answer 15

Ischemic phase

Question 16

A combination of two or more persons who are bound together over time by ties of mutual consent, birth, adoption, or placement and who, together, deliver physical care and maintained of group members, addition of new members through procreation or adoption, socialization of children, social control of members, etc

Answer 16

Family

Question 17

Formed when both parents bring children from previous relationships into a new, joint living situation or when children from the current union and children from previous unions are living together

Answer 17

Blended family

Question 18

Includes the nuclear family and other relatives

Answer 18

Extended or multigenerational family

Question 19

Consist of one parent and one or more children

Answer 19

Lone parent family

Question 20

Consist of people of the same sex who live together with or without children

Answer 20

Same sex family

Question 21

Consist of a mother and father and then children

Answer 21

Traditional nuclear family

Question 22

Community or private classes and programs, specialized programs such as Lamaze, breathing techniques, hypnosis, etc

Answer 22

Prenatal education and birth preferences

Question 23

Often working in teams of two, provide holistic care for the client throughout the pregnancy and birth process. Birth options may include hospital, birth centre, health clinic, or home birth settings

Answer 23

Midwifery

Question 24

A specially trained labour attendant. They provide continuous, one on one caring presence throughout the labour and birth process of the client they are attending

Answer 24

Doula

Question 25

Refers to the coordination of the many facilities and professional services needed to provide optimal maternal newborn care to families

Answer 25

Regionalization

Question 26

Sexual intercourse if avoided on the seventh day of the cycle or later, when a client with regular menstrual cycles is fertile

Answer 26

Fertility awareness based methods

Question 27

Can be purchased without a prescription; this is a barrier the blocks the sperm from reaching the ovum and protects against HIV and STIs

Answer 27

Male condom

Question 28

Can be inserted for up to 24hrs in advance of sexual intercourse; offer protection against HIV and STIs

Answer 28

Female condoms

Question 29

Are taken daily. Contains the hormones estrogen and progestin, which suppress the release of the ovum

Answer 29

Oral contraceptives

Question 30

Contains the hormones estrogen and progestin in a small patch applied once a week for three weeks on the skin

Answer 30

Transdermal contraceptive patch

Question 31

A flexible soft transparent ring made of copolymer ethylene vinyl that delivers continuous levels of progesterone and ethanol estradiol, which are absorbed through the vaginal epithelium

Answer 31

Contraceptive vaginal ring

Question 32

Contains only progestin and acts by thickening the cervical mucus so that sperm cannot reach the egg

Answer 32

The mini oral contraceptive

Question 33

Device is placed in the uterus, preventing sperm from reaching the egg, the implantation of the fertilized egg or both

Answer 33

IUDs

Question 34

An injection of the hormone progestin given every three months

Answer 34

Depo provera

Question 35

An injection of the hormone progestin given every three months

Answer 35

Depo provera

Question 36

There are barrier methods, used with spermicidal gel or foam prior to sexual intercourse. Both must be properly fitted to cover the cervix

Answer 36

Diaphragm, cervical cap

Question 37

Prevents eggs from reaching the fallopian tube and uterus and is permanent method of birth control

Answer 37

Tubal ligation

Question 38

Involves ligation, the removal of a piece of the vas deferens, or both thereby eliminating sperm from the semen

Answer 38

Vasectomy

Question 39

A method used to prevent pregnancy after having unprotected sexual intercourse. It can be used in situations when a condom slips off or breaks or a diaphragm or cervical cap slips out of place.

Answer 39

Emergency contraceptives

Question 40

A special formation containing progestin only. Hormones interfere with ovulation, and possibly implantation, preventing pregnancy from occurring

Answer 40

Hormonal EC methods

Question 41

Should be inserted within 5 days of unprotected sexual intercourse. It is the most effective method of EC

Answer 41

Copper IUD

Question 42

Is the purposeful interruption of pregnancy before 20 weeks gestation

Answer 42

Induced abortion

Question 43

Used for client requesting an abortion

Answer 43

Elective abortion

Question 44

Refers to abortions performed for maternal health, fetal health, or disease reasons

Answer 44

Therapeutic abortion

Question 45

Are available up to 9 weeks gestation using methotrexate and misoprostol

Answer 45

Medical abortion

Question 46

Most common procedure done in the first semester

Answer 46

Aspiration

Question 47

Refers to a couple who has never conceived

Answer 47

Primary infertility

Question 48

Describes a couple who experiences infertility after having at least one previous conception

Answer 48

Secondary infertility

Question 49

Refers to a couple who experiences infertility after having at least one previous conception

Answer 49

Secondary infertility

Question 50

viable and optimally fertile for 24hrs postejaculation, although they may survive and remain mobile in the cervical mucus for 2 to 3 days but may survive as long as 7 days

Answer 50

spermatozoa

Question 51

enzymes in the sperms head are released, changing the outer coating of the ovum to allow one sperm to penetrate the ovum

Answer 51

capacitation

Question 52

once a sperm has penetrated the ovum, cellular changes occur on the ovums surface membrane, preventing other sperm from entering

Answer 52

zonal reaction

Question 53

occur due to the spontaneous division of one fertilized ovum early in development

Answer 53

identical twins

Question 54

occur when two or more seperate ova are fertilized by two or more different spermatozoa

Answer 54

fraternal twins

Question 55

lasts from conception to day 14. it is characterized by cellular division, formation of the blastocyst and beginnings of the embryonic membranes and differentiation of the primary germ layers

Answer 55

ovum stage

Question 56

lasts from gestational day 15 until the embryo reaches a crown to rump length of 3cm, or approximately to the end of the eight week. this is a critical time of development of all organ systems and external body features and a high risk time for teratogenic substances to interfere with and harm organ and tissue development

Answer 56

embryonic stage

Question 57

begins at week 9 and lasts until birth or the end of pregnancy.

Answer 57

fetal stage

Question 58

is derived initially from maternal blood filtrates and eventually consists mostly of fetal urine

Answer 58

amniotic fluid

Question 59

is a volume of less than 300ml, which impairs fetal movement and symmetrical growth and may be associated with fetal abnormalities, and if prolonged does not allow for normal alveoli development

Answer 59

oligohydramnios

Question 60

is a volume greater than 1.5 to 2L and is associated with fetal abnormalities

Answer 60

polyhydramnios

Question 61

is structurally complete by week 12 gestation; it continues to grow and expand until 20 weeks.

Answer 61

placenta

Question 62

person who is pregnant

Answer 62

gravida

Question 63

a person who has never been pregnant

Answer 63

nulligravida

Question 64

a person who is pregnant for the first time

Answer 64

primigravida

Question 65

a person who has been pregnant more than once

Answer 65

multigravida

Question 66

an infant sufficiently developed enough to live outside the womb

Answer 66

viability

Question 67

a person who has given birth after 20 weeks gestation

Answer 67

para

Question 68

a person who has not given birth to an infant of viable age

Answer 68

nullipara

Question 69

a person who has given birth at more than 20 weeks gestation, regardless of the outcome

Answer 69

primipara

Question 70

a person who has had two or more viable births

Answer 70

multipara

Question 71

what is GTPAL

Answer 71

gravidity, term, preterm, abortions, living

Question 72

increase in BP after 20 weeks of pregnancy with proteinuria in a pregnant client who had normal BP prior to pregnancy or a client with preexisting hypertension

Answer 72

pre eclampsia

Question 73

development of seizures or coma not identifiable to other causes in a client with pre eclampsia

Answer 73

eclampsia

Question 74

the natural termination of the pregnancy before viability is established which is usually at 20 weeks testation or a fetal weight of less than 500g

Answer 74

miscarriage

Question 75

the placenta implants in the lower uterus, at or near the internal os at the cervix, instead of the top one third of the uterus fundus

Answer 75

placenta previa

Question 76

occurs when a normally implanted placenta prematurely separates or partially separates in the second half of pregnancy or during labour

Answer 76

placental abruption

Question 77

occurs when the fertilized ovum implants itself in a location outside the uterine endometrium

Answer 77

ectopic pregnancy

Question 78

conditions of severe, unrelenting nausea and vomiting

Answer 78

hyperemesis gravidarum

Question 79

any agent, drug, toxin, chemical or infection that can harm the developing embryo or fetus

Answer 79

teratogen

Question 80

high frequency sound waves are painlessly transmitted via a vaginal or abdominal transducer

Answer 80

ultrasonography

Question 81

test used to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid for biochemical and genetic analysis

Answer 81

amniocentesis

Question 82

is made up up the maternal structures of the pelvis and soft tissues that the fetus must navigate through in the process of being born

Answer 82

passageway

Question 83

travels through the passage with an ease or degree of difficulty that is influenced by several factors

Answer 83

passanger

Question 84

describes the relationship between the long axis of the pregnant clients and the long axis of the fetus

Answer 84

fetal lie

Question 85

the bony part of the fetus that presents or enters the pelvic inlet first

Answer 85

fetal presentation

Question 86

the relationship of fetal body parts to each other

Answer 86

fetal attitude

Question 87

the relationship of the bony presenting part of the fetus to the four quadrants of the maternal pelvis

Answer 87

fetal position

Question 88

this occurs when the largest transverse diameter of the presenting part has passed through the pelvic inlet and into the true pelvis

Answer 88

engagement

Question 89

is the relationship of the presenting part to the ischial spines of the maternal pelvic

Answer 89

station

Question 90

there are the involuntary utertine contractions, measured by their frequency, duration, and intensity as they thin and dilate the cervix

Answer 90

primary powers

Question 91

when the cervix is completely dilated, they are an important aid in assisting with the descent of the fetus through the birth canal

Answer 91

secondary powers