Maternal Sepsis and Infections

Question 1

what type of infection is rubella?

Answer 1

viral infection

Question 2

presentation of rubella

Answer 2

fever
rash
lymphadenopathy
polyarthritis

Question 3

triad of congenital rubella

Answer 3

cataracts
cardiac abnormalities (PDA)
deafness

Question 4

when is congenital rubella most likely to develop?

Answer 4

<10 weeks gestation = 90% chance

Question 5

diagnosis of rubella

Answer 5

IgG antibody and IgM within 10 days of exposure

Question 6

management of rubella

Answer 6

consider TOP if early gestation

supportive= fluids, rest and avoid contact with other pregnant women

Question 7

what is measles?

Answer 7

paramyxovirus

Question 8

presentation of measles

Answer 8

fever
runny nose
cough 
red eyed
white spots inside mouth
rash (forehead to begin with)

Question 9

risks in measles

Answer 9

not teratogenic but risk pre-term and IUGR

Question 10

what is chickenpox?

Answer 10

VZV DNA virus of the herpes family

Question 11

presentation of chickenpox

Answer 11

fever
malaise
vesicular rash

Question 12

management of chickenpox in pregnancy

Answer 12

avoid contact with other pregnant women
supportive
consider acyclovir if 20+ weeks

Question 13

what can happen if chickenpox develops during 7-28 weeks?

Answer 13

foetal varicella syndrome

Question 14

what is foetal varicella syndrome

Answer 14

trans-placental infection

Question 15

presentation of foetal varicella syndrome

Answer 15

hypoplastic limbs
psychomotor retardation
IUGR
chorioretinal scarring
cataracts
microencephaly
cutaneous scarring

Question 16

what happens if you get chickenpox 4 weeks before delivery?

Answer 16

neonatal chickenpox

Question 17

what happens if you get chickenpox 7 days before delivery?

Answer 17

neonatal chickenpox with septicaemia

Question 18

what type of virus is CMV?

Answer 18

herpes virus

Question 19

what is the most common non-genetic cause of SNHL and disability?

Answer 19

CMV

Question 20

when is CMV more risky?

Answer 20

3rd trimester unlike other viruses

Question 21

diagnosis of CMV

Answer 21

IgG and IgM

Question 22

management of CMV in pregnancy

Answer 22

valacyclovir

hyperimmune globulin

Question 23

what does parvovirus affect?

Answer 23

erythroid precursors

Question 24

presentation of parvovirus

Answer 24

slapped cheek
aplastic anaemia
congenital heart failure
hydrops
foetal death

Question 25

when is the risk of parvovirus highest to the neonate?

Answer 25

<10 weeks gestation

Question 26

diagnosis of parvovirus

Answer 26

IgM | serial USS and foetal MCA doppler

Question 27

management of parvovirus

Answer 27

avoid contact with children and other pregnant women

Question 28

how is zika virus transmitted?

Answer 28

mosquito bite

Question 29

what does zika cause in the unborn child?

Answer 29

``` microcephaly brain defects hearing vision limited joint motion seizures swallowing developmental delays ```

Question 30

what is toxoplasmosis?

Answer 30

parasitic infection

Question 31

where is toxoplasmosis found?

Answer 31

raw meat | cat faeces

Question 32

how is toxoplasmosis transmitted?

Answer 32

transplacental

Question 33

what are babies born with if their mother has toxoplasmosis?

Answer 33

``` hydrocephalus chorioretinitis cerebral calcifications microcephaly mental retardation ```

Question 34

management of toxoplasmosis

Answer 34

self limiting | spiramycin to reduce transmission

Question 35

what is listeria?

Answer 35

grame +ve bacillus

Question 36

where is listeria found?

Answer 36

soil | infected food animal products

Question 37

presentation of listeriosis

Answer 37

flu | can cause neonatal death, preterm, miscarriage and stillbirth

Question 38

management of listeriosis

Answer 38

- Ampicillin + gentamicin | - Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole

Question 39

management of group B strep during pregnancy

Answer 39

penicillin during labour