Math Common Core Vocab 9-12 Flashcards
Learn math terms related to common core exam (219 cards)
1
Q
A flat shape that only has length and height, but not width (depth)
A
2‐dimensional figure
2
Q
A table in which frequencies correspond to two variables
A
2‐way frequency table
3
Q
solid shapes; having points or sides that are not all on one plane
A
3‐dimensional
4
Q
If two angles of one triangle are congruent to two corresponding
angles in another triangle, then the triangles are similar
A
AA similarity
5
Q
How far a number is from zero
A
absolute value
6
Q
An angle with a measure greater than 0° and less than 90°
A
acute angle
7
Q
A mathematical phrase that can contain ordinary numbers, variables
(like x or y) and operators (like add, subtract, multiply, and divide)
A
algebraic expression
8
Q
Half the maximum peak‐to‐peak value of a periodic function
A
amplitude
9
Q
Examining parts to understand how they work together
A
analyze
10
Q
A figure formed by two rays with the same endpoint (vertex)
A
angle
11
Q
If two angles and the included side of one triangle are congruent to
the two angles and the included side of another triangle, then the
two triangles are congruent.
A
Angle‐Side‐Angle (ASA)
12
Q
A value that is very close but not exactly to another number
A
approximate
13
Q
Part of the circumference (edge) of a circle
A
arc
14
Q
The amount of surface inside a closed shape. measured in square units
A
area
15
Q
The measure of the interior surface. The formula is a=∏r² (pie x
radius squared)
A
area of a circle
16
Q
The measure of the interior surface. The formula is a=½bh ((base x
height) ÷ by 2)
A
area of a triangle
17
Q
A sequence of numbers that has a constant difference between every
two consecutive terms
A
arithmetic sequence
18
Q
The property that states that when adding three or more real numbers, the sum is always the same regardless of their grouping
A
Associative Property of Addition
19
Q
The property that states that when multiplying three or more real numbers, the product is always the same regardless of their
grouping
A
Associative Property of Multiplication
20
Q
a line that a graph gets closer and closer to, but never touches or
crosses
A
asymptote
21
Q
A calculated “central” value of a set of numbers
A
average
22
Q
The horizontal and vertical number lines used in a coordinate plane
system
A
axis
23
Q
A flat surface of a solid figure by which the figure is measured or
classified
A
base (of a solid figure)
24
Q
Binomial Theorem is used to expand powers of binomials
A
binomial Theorem
25
To divide into two equal sections or two equal halves
bisect
26
A line that cuts another line segment into two equal parts
bisector of a line
27
A diagram or graph using a number line to show the distribution of a
set of data
box plot
28
changes in x cause changes in y in a list of data
causation
29
A straight line connecting two points on a curve or curved shape
chord
30
Having the shape of a perfect circle, or resembling a circle in shape
circular
31
The distance around a circle; the perimeter of a circle
circumference
32
A geometric figure that is drawn around another geometric figure so
as to touch all its vertices
circumscribed
33
to sort into categories or to arrange into groups by attribute
classify
34
The number which is multiplied by one or more variables or powers
of variables in the term
coefficient
35
An arrangement of objects in which order does not matter
combination
36
the constant ratio between any term and the term after it
common ratio
37
This property means that addends can be added in any order and the
sum is always the same
Commutative Property of Addition
38
This property means that factors can be multiplied in any order and
the product is always the same
Commutative Property of Multiplication
39
To find how things are different or the same
compare
40
Two angles that add up to equal 90°
complementary angles
41
the process of converting a quadratic equation into a perfect square
trinomial by adding or subtracting terms on both sides
complete the square
42
A number that can be written by the sum or difference of a real
number and an imaginary number
complex number
43
Describes the probability resulting from two or more simple events
compound events
44
Finding an answer by using mathematics or logic
computation
45
To solve problems that use numbers
compute
46
A statement that follows logically from other facts
conclusion
47
```
The probability of some event (A), given the occurrence of some
other event (B)
```
conditional probability
48
The relative frequencies placed in the body of a two‐way relative
frequency table
conditional relative frequency
49
The volume (V) of a cone is equal to 1/3π*r2*h
cone volume formula
50
Having exactly the same shape and size
congruent
51
angles that have the exact same measurement
congruent angle
52
Sides that are exactly the same size
congruent side
53
Triangles that are exactly the same size
congruent triangle
54
A group of curves obtained when a plane intersects a double cone
conic sections
55
Two binomials whose only difference is the sign of one term
conjugate
56
a linear function of the form y = b , where b is a constant
constant function
57
The process of building something
construction
58
A pair of numbers used to determine the position of a point on a
graph
coordinate
59
A set of lines or curves used to define a coordinate system
coordinate axes
60
The plane containing the "x" axis and "y" axis
coordinate plane
61
The degree to which two variables are related
correlation
62
When two lines are crossed by another line (which is called the
Transversal), the angles in matching corners are called corresponding
angles
corresponding angle
63
If the position of two sides is the same in two figures, they are called
corresponding sides
corresponding side
64
In a right triangle, the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to an
acute angle to the length of the hypotenuse
cosine
65
The plane figure obtained by the intersection of a solid by a plane
cross‐section
66
A value that, when used in a multiplication three times, gives that
number
cube root
67
a line that is rounded
curve
68
A solid object with 2 identical flat ends that are circular and 1 curved
side
cylinder
69
A collection of facts, such as values or measurements
data
70
Different ways of displaying data in charts, tables, or graphs;
including pictographs, single‐ or double‐bar graphs, line graphs, line
plots, or Venn diagrams
Data displays/graphs
71
An item of factual information resulting from measurement or
| research
data point
72
An interval where a function's slope is negative
decreasing intervals
73
The unit of measure for angles or temperature (°)
degrees (°)
74
to find or figure out
determine
75
A straight line going through the center of a circle connecting two
points on the circumference
diameter
76
Not the same; unlike
different/difference
77
a change in size of a figure without changing its angles
dilation
78
The formula for finding the distance between two points
distance formula
79
A number outside the parenthesis can be multiplied to each term
within the parenthesis. Ex. a(b + c) = ab + ac
distributive property
80
All the values that go into a function
domain
81
a graph that summarizes data by the number of dots above each data value on the horizontal axis
dot plot
82
A stretched out or smashed circle
ellipse
83
Says two things are the same, using math symbols
equation
84
Various equations that represent a line. In all equations, slope is
represented by m, the x‐intercept by a, and the y‐intercept by b
equation of a line
85
Equally distant
equidistant
86
a triangle with 3 equal sides and 3 equal angles
equilateral triangle
87
Expressions that have the same value but are presented in a different
format using the properties of numbers
equivalent expression
88
To guess closely; an answer that is close to the exact answer
estimate/estimation
89
The main area of study in high school geometry. This is the geometry
of axioms, theorems, and two‐column proofs. It includes the study of
points, lines, triangles, quadrilaterals, other polygons, circles,
spheres, prisms, pyramids, cones, cylinders, etc
Euclidean geometry
90
to solve or find the value of an expression
evaluate
91
A mathematical notation indicating the number of times a quantity is
multiplied by itself
exponent
92
a decrease that follows an exponential function
exponential decay
93
A function of the form y = a∙bx where a > 0 and either 0 < b < 1 or b >
1
exponential function
94
an increase that follows an exponential function
exponential growth
95
Numbers, symbols grouped together to show the value of something
expression
96
A number that is multiplied by another number to find a product
factor
97
The sequence of numbers 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, . . . for which the
next term is found by adding the previous two terms
Fibonacci sequence
98
Describes a set which does not have an infinite number of elements
finite
99
A mathematical rule written using symbols, usually as an equation
describing a certain relationship between quantities
formula
100
A table that shows how often each item, number, or range of
| numbers occurs in a set of data
frequency table
101
A special relationship between values: Each input values gives back
exactly one output value
function
102
f(x); an alternative to the "y=" equation
function notation
103
The theorem that establishes that, using complex numbers, all
polynomials can be factored
Fundamental Theorem of Algebra
104
A figure formed by any combination of points, lines, planes, curves,
or surfaces in one, two, or three dimensions
geometric figure
105
A sequence which has a constant ratio between terms
geometric sequence
106
A sequence made by multiplying some number each time
geometric series
107
A polygon with 6 sides
hexagon
108
A bar chart representing a frequency distribution
histogram
109
Hyperbola is a conic section in which difference of distances of all the
points from two fixed points (called `foci`) is constant
hyperbola
110
A square matrix which has a 1 for each element on the main diagonal
and 0 for all other elements
identity matrix
111
A interval where the function's slope is positive
increasing intervals
112
A conclusion drawn from multiple observations
inference
113
The starting point of a vector that is being represented by a line segment
initial point of a vector
114
The value substituted for a variable in an expression
input
115
To draw on the inside of, touching as many points as possible
inscribe
116
All whole numbers (both positive and negative) and zero
integer
117
An exponent that is any integer; positive, negative, or 0
integer exponent
118
The point at which a line or curve intersects an axis
intercept
119
An angle inside a shape
interior angle
120
The difference between the upper and lower quartiles; represents
the middle half of the data in the set
interquartile range
121
The point at which lines or curves meet; the line where planes meet
intersection
122
Opposite in effect; the reverse of
inverse
123
A number that cannot be written as a simple fraction ‐ the decimal
goes on forever without repeating
irrational numbers
124
An equation relating the cosine of an interior angle and the lengths
of the sides of a triangle
law of cosines
125
Equations relating the sines of the interior angles of a triangle and
the corresponding opposite sides
law of sines
126
the part of a line consisting of two endpoints and all points between
them
line segment
127
An equation that makes a straight line when it is graphed
linear equation
128
A function that can be graphically represented on the coordinate
plane by a straight line
linear function
129
The logarithm base b of a number x is the power to which b must
be raised in order to equal x
logarithm
130
The inverse of the exponential function
logarithmic function
131
Standard procedure suitable for dividing simple or complex multi‐
digit numbers. it breaks down a division problem into a series of
easier steps
long division
132
The length of a vector
magnitude of a vector
133
The entries in the "total" row and "total" column of a two‐way
relative frequency table
marginal relative frequency
134
```
A rectangular (or square) array of numbers. Matrices can be written
using brackets or parentheses
```
matrix/matrices
135
The average; A measure of center in a set of numerical data,
computed by adding the values in a list and then dividing by the
number of values in the list
mean
136
The middle value of a set of data that are arranged in order of size
median
137
The midline is a horizontal axis that is used as the reference line
about which the graph of a periodic function oscillates
midline
138
The point on a line segment equidistant from the endpoints
midpoint of a line segment
139
The process of representing real life situations through equations or
inequalities
modeling
140
Two numbers that when multiplied together equal 1. example 4
| multiplied by 1/4
multiplicative inverses
141
A line on which ordered numbers can be written or visualized and
may include negative numbers
number line
142
The math processes of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and
division
operation
143
The side across from the reference angle in a right triangle
opposite side
144
```
The point of intersection of the x‐ and y‐axes in a rectangular
coordinate system, where the x‐coordinate and y‐coordinate are
both zero (0)
```
origin
145
One of the possible results of a probability experiment
outcome
146
A value that "lies outside" (is much smaller or larger than) most of
the other values in a set of data
outlier
147
A special curve, shaped like an arch, the graph of a quadratic
equation
parabola
148
Line that are a constant distance apart, never intersecting
parallel lines
149
A quadrilateral in which both pairs of opposite sides are parallel
parallelogram
150
the sum of the squares of the lengths of the four sides of a
parallelogram equals the sum of the squares of the lengths of the
two diagonals
parallelogram rule
151
The arrangement of the binomial coefficients in a pattern of triangle
Pascal's Triangle
152
The distance around the outside of a figure or shape
perimeter
153
Lines that form a 90° angle where they cross
perpendicular lines
154
A function that uses different formulas for different parts of its
domain
piecewise function
155
Locating and marking a point when given its coordinates
plot
156
The point at which two lines intersect, or cross
point of intersection
157
The positive x ‐axis
polar axis
158
An equation for a curve written in terms of the polar coordinates r
and θ
polar equation
159
A closed figure that has three or more sides, no curved lines, and no
intersections
polygon
160
An expression made with constants, variables and exponents, which
are combined using addition, subtraction and multiplication
polynomial
161
A group of objects, events, or people studied in order to collect data
population
162
Intervals written as (x,y) where x is positive
positive intervals
163
How likely it is for an event to happen
probability
164
The result of multiplying numbers together
product
165
A solid shape with polygon as a base and triangular faces that taper
to a point (vertex)
pyramid
166
In a right angled triangle the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the
sum of the squares of the other two sides
Pythagorean theorem
167
An equation that includes only second degree polynomials
quadratic equation/function
168
A formula for the roots of a quadratic equation
quadratic formula
169
A polygon with four sides and four angles
quadrilateral
170
The result of dividing one number by another
quotient
171
A unit for measuring angles. 180° = π radians, and 360° = 2π radians
radian
172
The symbol √ , which is used to represent the square root or nth root
of a number
radical
173
The distance from the center of a circle or a sphere to any point on
the circle or a sphere
radius/radii
174
a sample in which every individual or element in the population has
an equal chance of being selected
random sample
175
The difference between the greatest (maximum) and least
| (minimum) values in a set of data
range
176
The ratio of the change in the output value and change in the input
value of a function
rate of change
177
A comparison of two numbers, often written as a fraction
ratio
178
An expression that can be written as a polynomial divided by a
polynomial
rational expression
179
A function that can be written as a polynomial divided by a
| polynomial
rational function
180
Any number that can be written as a fraction
rational number
181
The set of all rational and irrational numbers
real number
182
A flip of a flat figure across a line that creates a mirror image
reflection
183
a triangle with one angle measuring 90°
right triangle
184
A transformation of a figure by turning it about a point or axis. The
amount of rotation is usually expressed in the number of degrees
(e.g., a 90° rotation). The direction of the rotation is usually
expressed as clockwise or counterclockwise. Also called a turn
rotation
185
the set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment
sample space
186
A survey of a population made by using only a portion of the
| population
sample survey
187
Any real number, or any quantity that can be measured using a single
real number
scalar
188
The ratio of any two corresponding lengths in two similar geometric
figures
scale factor
189
A graph of plotted points that show the relationship between two
sets of data
scatter plot
190
When two triangles have corresponding angles and sides that are
congruent, the triangles are congruent
side‐angle‐side (SAS)
191
When two triangles have corresponding sides that are congruent, the
triangles are congruent
side‐side‐side (SSS)
192
The length of the opposite side divided by the length of the
| hypotenuse
sine
193
```
The ratio of change in the vertical axis (y‐axis) to change in the
horizontal axis (x‐axis) in the form rise or Dy. Also, the constant, m, in
the linear equation for the slope‐intercept form
```
slope
194
Any and all value(s) of the variable(s) that satisfies an equation,
inequality, system of equations, or system of inequalities
solution set
195
To work out the answer
solve
196
The total amount of space enclosed in a sphere
sphere volume
197
A numerical summary of how tightly the values are clustered around
the "center"
spread
198
The square root of a number is a nonnegative number which when
multiplied by itself equals the given number
square root
199
The standard deviation is defined as the average amount by which
individual data items in a data set differ from the arithmetic mean of
all the data in the set
standard deviation
200
A branch of applied mathematics concerned with collecting,
| organizing, and interpreting data
statistics
201
A step function is a special type of function whose graph is a series of
line segments
step function
202
Describes a geometric figure or a graph consisting of two parts that
are congruent to each other
symmetric
203
The length of the opposite side divided by the length of the adjacent
side
tangent
204
The end point of a vector that is being represented by a line
segment
terminal point
205
An assertion that can be proved true using the rules of logic
theorem
206
the probability of an event when all outcomes are equally likely
theoretical probability
207
a change in the size, shape, or position of a figure
transformation
208
A transformation in which every point in a figure is moved in the
same direction and by the same distance. Also called a slide
translation
209
A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides
trapezoid
210
The six functions sine, cosine, tangent, cosecant, secant, and
cotangent
trigonometric function
211
A ratio that describes a relationship between sides and angles of
triangles
trigonometric ratios
212
Any symbol, usually a letter, which could represent a number
variable
213
A quantity, drawn as an arrow, with both direction and magnitude
vector
214
The rate of change of the position of an object
velocity
215
A corner point of a geometric figure. For a polygon, vertices are
where adjacent sides meet. For an angle, the vertex is where the two
rays making up the angle meet
vertex/vertices
216
congruent angles that form opposite each other when two lines
intersect
vertical angle
217
The amount of space taken up by an object, usually calculated by:
base x height x width
volume
218
The position of a point according to the x‐axis
x‐coordinate
219
A matrix for which all elements are equal to 0
zero matrix
